Nutrition Powerpoint
Transcript: Something you should know.... Source of Protein Fun Fact: High strength alloys High temperature steels Aircraft parts Missile parts Daily Recommended Intake Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and Recommended Dietarty Intake (RDI) In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas is usually producing enough insulin but, for unknown reasons, the body cannot use the insulin effectively. The disease typically occurs, in cells comprising muscle and other tissues become resistant to insulin's action, especially among the obese. Insulin permits the entry of glucose into most cells, where this sugar is used for energy, stored in the liver and muscles (as glycogen), and converted to fat when present in excess. Insulin resistance leads to higher than normal levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia). In the 1960s, chromium was found to correct glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in deficient animals, two indicators that the body is failing to properly control blood-sugar levels and which are precursors of type 2 diabetes. reports of actual chromium deficiency in humans are rare. Three hospitalized patients who were fed intravenously showed signs of diabetes (including weight loss, neuropathy, and impaired glucose tolerance) until chromium was added to their feeding solution. The chromium, added at doses of 150 to 250 mcg/day for up to two weeks, corrected their diabetes symptoms. Chromium is now routinely added to intravenous solutions. Research Shows… Body Weight and Composition Chromium Deficiency Knowledge of molybdenum dates back to the Middle Ages. Pure molybdenum was first produced in 1893. In 2003, researchers did a small study on people with advanced kidney cancer. Researchers gave tetrathiomolybdate (a form of molybdenum) to 15 patients to reduce the copper levels in their bodies. Even though no one had their cancer go away, 4 people's tumors stopped growing for 6 months. But some patients had anemia (low red blood cell counts) or low white blood cell counts due to the lack of copper and had to have their molybdenum doses reduced. The researchers noted that this approach might be useful if used along with other cancer treatments. They recommended large, well-controlled studies to look at tetrathiomolybdate more closely. However, a small 2006 study did not show a reduction in growth of advanced prostate cancer. Chromium supplements are sometimes claimed to reduce body fat and increase lean (muscle) mass. Yet a recent review of 24 studies that examined the effects of 200 to 1,000 mcg/day of chromium (in the form of chromium picolinate) on body mass or composition found no significant benefits. Another recent review of randomized, controlled clinical trials did find supplements of chromium picolinate to help with weight loss when compared to placebos, but the differences were small and of debatable clinical relevance. In several studies, chromium's effects on body weight and composition may be called into question because the researchers failed to adequately control for the participants' food intakes. Furthermore, most studies included only a small number of subjects and were of short duration The effects of chromium supplementation on blood lipid levels in humans are also inconclusive. In some studies, 150 to 1,000 mcg/day has decreased total and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL or "bad") cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increased concentrations of apolipoprotein A (a component of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol known as HDL or "good" cholesterol) in subjects with atherosclerosis or elevated cholesterol or among those taking a beta-blocker drug. These findings are consistent with the results of earlier studies. chromium supplements have shown no favorable effects on blood lipids in other studies. The mixed research findings may be due to difficulties in determining the chromium status of subjects at the start of the trials and the researchers' failure to control for dietary factors that influence blood lipid levels. Sources of it are mainly food, like legumes (beans, peas, and lentils; grains; leafy vegetables; liver; and nuts Molybdenum is a trace mineral that is necessary for the conversion of purines in foods to uric acid It is also essential for the function and repair of healthy cells It is also sold as a supplement. It is usually seen as sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate and combined understood. The DRI for molybdenum is about 80 mcg, but according to Any Vitamins website, dosages of up to 250 mcg, or 0.25 mg, are considered safe. Larger doses may lead to gout, which is a painful condition that affects the joints. Some Effects of Molybdenum Chromium is widely distributed in the food supply, but most foods provide only a small amounts. meats and whole-grain products, some fruits, vegetables, and spices are relatively good sources however, foods in simply sugars (like sucrose and fructose) are low in chromium There are reports of significant age-related decreases in the chromium concentrations of
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