Infancy Presentation
Transcript: Infancy Background Infancy Birth to one year of age. The most dramatic and rapid changes in development happen within the first year of life, or infancy. Physical Development Newborns usually weight between 6-8 pounds, and are 18-22 inches long. By the age of 1, weight has increased to about 21-24 pounds, and they're approximately 29-30 inches long. Newborns are able to respond to the environment with certain reflexes. Moro reflex- reflex to loud noises or sudden movement. Rooting reflex- a slight touch can cause them to move and smile. Sucking reflex- caused by a slight touch on the lips. Grasp reflex- infants can grasp on things placed in their hand. Muscle Coordination 1 month- can lift head slightly. 2-4 months- roll from ride to side, support themselves on forearms, and grasp or try to reach objects. 4-6 months- turn the body completely around, accept objects handed to them, grasp stationary objects, and hold the head up while sitting with support. 6-8 months- sit unsupported, grasp moving objects, transfer objects between hands, and crawl on the stomach. 8-10 months- crawl using hands and knees, pull themselves to sitting or standing position, and use good hand-mouth coordination. 12 months- most can walk without assistance, grasp objects with the thumb and fingers, and throw small objects. Born without teeth, but have 10-12 by the age of 1. They have poor vision, and may be limited to black and white, but by 1, close vision is good and in color, and can be focused on small objects. Sensory abilities, while good at birth, become more exact by the age of one. Physical Development Mental Development Mental development is very rapid. Crying is the babies way of responding to feelings of discomfort such as pain, cold, or hunger. Begin to become more aware of their surroundings and recognize individuals associated with their care as their needs are met. Infants respond to stimuli in the environment, which causes their learning activities to grow. Birth- unable to speak. 2-4 months- coo or babble when spoken to, laugh out loud, and squeal with pleasure. 6 months- understand some words and can make basic sounds like "mama" or "dada." 12 months- understand many words and use single words in their vocabulary. Mental Development Emotional Development Emotional deveopment is observed early in life. Newborns- show excitement. 4-6 months- distress, delight, anger, disgust, and fear can be seen. 12 months- elation and affection for adults is evident. Events that happen in the first year of life when these emotions are first exhibited can have a strong influence on an individual's emotional behavior during adulthood. Emotional Development Social Development Progresses gradually from the self-centeredness concept of the newborn to the recognition of others in the environment. 4 months- recognize their caregivers, smile readily, and stare intently at others. 6 months- watch the activities of others, show signs of possessiveness, and may become shy or withdraw when in presence of strangers. 12 months- may still be shy with strangers, but socialize freely with familiar people, and mimic and imitate gestures, facial expressions, and vocal sounds. Social Development Needs and Care Infants are dependent on others for all needs. Food, rest, and cleanliness are essential for physical growth. Love and security are essential for emotional and social growth. Stimulation is essential for mental growth. Providing information on nutrition, growth, development, sleep patterns, meeting needs, and creating a health environment will promote wellness in the infant. Care must be taken at all times to ensure infant's safety. Washing hands thoroughly and observing standard precautions is essential in preventing the transmission of infection during care. Needs and Care Basic Conflict Basic Conflict Trust vs. Mistrust The infant is uncertain about the world, and look towards their caregivers for support. If the care they recieve is consistent, infants will develop a sense of trust that will carry on into other relationships and they'll feel secure even when threatened. If the care isn't consistent, a sense of mistrust, suspision, and anxiety may develop. Sucess in developing a sense of trust will lead to hope. Failure will lead to fear.
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