INFANCY
Transcript: Infancy 2. The second phase is focusing on one or more figures (3 to 6 months) which is when an infant directs a signal to the person they spend the most time with (Boyd, Johnson, Bee, 2009). Develpmental theory Freud believed that in the symbiotic relationship between the mother and the young infant the infant would attach to the mother, through strong emotional needs, is if they were one. Erikson believed that there was more to this stage than just mother and child being one person. He believed that this stage went on till the child was about two years old and that they would learn from this relationship how to trust the world around them, act within it, and learn how things happen in society. Low socioeconomic status is a negative environmental factor that can cause a poor emotional attachment between the parent(s) and infant. Parent(s) may be so focused on the economic problem and forget to meet the emotional needs of their child. Parent(s) in these circumstances will most likely focus on only providing physical needs of the infant ( feeding, grooming, clothing etc.), but not give the time to bond with the infant and have an emotional relationship. This can cause insecure attachment and long term consequences to the infant such as; poor social relationships, poor behavior , and being emotionally immature. Prevention #1 -The easiest way a baby feels attached their mother is through eye contact. -Mary Ayers says, “She suggests that the mother’s eye is the body part that creates an attachment” (Powell, 2004, p. 1). -Maintaining eye contact is an easy way to help your baby feel loved, happy, and secure in relationships (Powell, 2004, p. 1). Prevention # 2 A good way to ensure a baby has a secure and healthy attachment to his mother is breastfeeding. “When mothers hold their nude infants against their chests in direct skin-to-skin contact, increases in maternal responsivity and bonding are observed”. Breastfeeding is known to have positive effects on infant health and nutrition and has been associated with enhancement of later cognitive ability and educational achievement (Britton, Britton, & Gronwaldt, 2006, para. 5). Physically abused infants appear to respond adversely to maltreatment and begin to adapt to their enviroment. Intervention measures: Therapist works toward providing abused or neglected children with skills or understanding so that they are better equipped with interacting successfully with others such as with their family, friends and teachers. Teams of health care workers, doctors, child protective services, and law enforcement aid to establish assesssments to assist the child. The End The second hand smoke caused from smoking cigarettes around the house can pose as an environmental hazard for infants. Intervention measures; Smoking outside of the house Washing your hands when returning from smoking Most importantly, to not smoke near infants. (cc) photo by Metro Centric on Flickr 1. The first phase being nonfocused orienting and signaling (birth to 3 months) which are signals that draw attention (Boyd, Johnson, Bee, 2009). Two interventions measures Preventative A type of developmental growth that occurs in young infants is called Psychoanalytic Perspectives. One negative enviromental factor Negative Enviromental Factor (cc) photo by jimmyharris on Flickr (cc) photo by Franco Folini on Flickr One developmental theory Intervention Measures One developmental activity Two preventative measures 4 Phases in Infant Attachment: Overview Measures 4. The fourth phase is called internal model (24 months and beyond), which enables children older than 2 years of age to imagine how an action might affect a bond they share with a caregiver (Boyd, Johnson, Bee, 2009). Infancy is a time in a baby’s life that they are busy. The period of infancy is a period when great physical changes occur. The brain and nervous system of an infant grow very rapidly in the first 2 years of life and neuron development is very crucial. Even though infants cannot talk or respond verbally, they are still developing perceptions and are aware of what is going on around them (Boyd, Johnson,Bee, 2009). Studies show that a newborn can tell his or her mother’s voice from another female voice. (cc) photo by Metro Centric on Flickr Overview 3. The third phase is secure base behavior (6 to 24 months) which is clinging to a caregiver who is the infant’s “safe base” when they are in need of food or are injured (Boyd, Johnson, Bee, 2009). Our Presentation...
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