World War One
Transcript: The Dreadnaughts actually cost so much money that once the war began, all of the countries possessing them were too afraid to risk losing them in battle and so they were relatively useless. Industrialization and conscription allowed for the mass mobilization of military forces. New: Belgium, Germany, U.S.A, Italy, Russia, Japan. The War Begins Formation of Alliances Interesting Info... Possession of Dreadnoughts by 1914 Tension and Arming The European Depression 1919-1939 This was good for North America because Canada and the USA were helping to rebuild Europe, providing both raw and manufactured materials. Many historians refer to this as a leading factor in the resulting American Age Wilhelm II (r 1888-1918), the last king of Germany, creates a large standing army during peace time and triggers a response from other european powers. Ottomon empire gives up-Sept 1918 Bulgaria in autumn -1918 Austria-1918 April 1917- The United States declares war on Germany for a number of reasons, one of the most important being the fact that the German navy was attacking American cargo ships. The U.SA had also financed a large portion of the war and so they could not afford to see the allies lose. Sarajevo crisis of June 28, 1914 War Theaters One of the best examples of the arms race can be seen in naval expansion. The Dreadnought, the largest battleship of the period, was developed by Britain in 1906. Immediately following its introduction, Germany began construction on its own Dreadnought. http://www.militaryfactory.com/ships/imgs/hms-dreadnought.jpg -Divide land gained through ware -Stripped Germany of its colonies -Germany could have no union with Austria -Military strength reduced -Article 231- war guilt clause. The Great War (WWI) Germany viewed France as the strongest opposition and expected Russia to retreat if France was defeated. They did not want to battle both countries at the same time. Germany had a standing army of around 2.2 million soldiers while France and Russia both had over 1 million. Germany expected Britain to remain neutral. Expansion and imperial motives (Africa and Asia) France and Russia implement peace time conscription. (Play clip from 0:46- 4:42 ) Germany was unified between 1866-1871 and its new borders as well as its ambitions created a sense of unease among neighboring countries. American Institute for History Education Trench warfare in wwi [Web]. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9iR0xJW-Fk The Triple Entante (1907) Britain, France, and Russia Sub-alliances: Belgium, Luxemburg, Serbia, Romania, Montenegro. The Schlieffen Plan (1905) The Battle of the Marne (Sept 1914) Arming July 28, Austria declares war on Serbia. July 30, Russia mobilizes its troops. August 1, Germany declares war on Russia August 3, Germany declares war on France August 4, Germany advances towards France through Belgium and Luxemburg, violating neutrality and bringing Britain into the war. Trench Warfare Occurs as a result of doing so poorly in the war Treaty of Versailles- June 1919 deals with how to punish Germany Influential Factors Leading up to WWI Russia pulls out of war in 1917 (Dec) Begin to negotiate with the Germans, they sign the treaty of BreastLotovisk March 1918. The Tides Change Russia lost much of the territory it gained during war such as Belarus and Ukraine, and becomes a communist state. Lenin leads the communist state, crushing any opposition. Western Front: Northern France saw few significant advancements. Eastern Front: Germany and Austria attacked an unprepared Russia, pushing the Russian forces back. Africa: British soldiers begin to invade German colonies. Asia: Japan and China declare war on Germany for economic and political reasons. The archduke Franz Ferdinand, the nephew of the Austrian Empire is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, ethnically a Serbian, on June 28. Britain- 19 Germany-13 France-8 Russia- 2-4 Germany did not expect Britain to aid France based on their previous conflicts. However, Britain did assist France which brought Germany's advancement to a halt. 1917 Motives and Actions Consequences Both sides remained locked in trench warfare, with limited progression from either side. Trench warfare was in incredibly violent and slow means of battle. Russian Revolution 1870-1914 The Triple Alliance (1882) Created by Germany, the alliance consisted of Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Italy. Sub-alliances: Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria New colonial powers enter into competition with old colonial powers. Eastern and western Europe was particularly effected. Belgium was occupied by Germany which destroyed their economy and Russia lost fertile land. If there should be a war, Germany was aware that France and Russia would be the primary opposition, they would attack France first and then proceed to attack Russia. America joins the war Old: Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Portugal, Holland. The Marxist party emerges and promises to pull out of the war Germany remains