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Sickle Cell

Transcript: Sickle Cell Anemia Effect: Hemoglobin becomes mutated Red blood cell deforms Genetic Defect: Caused by point mutation Glutamic acid becomes valine Inheritance: Recessive gene HgbS Chromosome 11 Frequency: up to 2% in some countries 0.02% in America 0.2% for African American 0.07-0.1% for Hispanic American Symptoms: anemia pain high infection rates jaundice ulcers Life Style: prevention of infections medication for pain fluids+folic acid life expectancy around 50 years Citations: http://adultstemcellawareness.wordpress.com/2007/10/04/adios-sickle-cell-anemia/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle-cell_disease http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/sickle-cell-disease http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA59/A59_9-en.pdf http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000527.htm Distribution of malaria Distribution of sickle cell

Sickle Cell

Transcript: A gentic disorder is something that is wrong with your genes and affects your physical or mental being Sickle cell is a rare disease that affects the red blood cells that carry oxygen Sickle cell is an abnormal type of hemoglobin called hemoglobin S Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen If someone has sickle cell they are likely to have symptoms Painful episodes called (crises) Bone pain, Breathlessness, Delayed growth and puberty, Fatigue, Fever, Paleness, Rapid heart rate, Strokes The chest and limbs are affected alot because the sickle cell makes blood bunch up at the elbows, knees, and ankles Treatment Over time the disease doesn't progess, but stays constint Pain meds, Plenty of fluids, and Blood tranfusions (given regularly to prevent strokes) You can do tests to see if you have Sickle Cell -Complete blood count (CBC) -Sickle Cell test -Hemoglobin electrophoresis For counseling go to this website. http://kidshealth.org/parent/system/medical/genetic_counseling.html Citations http://kidshealth.org/parent/system/medical/genetic_counseling.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001554/ Sickle Cell By: Ryan Wittman Sickle cell is inhertited from both parents, if only one parent has the gene you can still inhertit it, but you can only be a carrier of it which means your not affected by it

Sickle Cell

Transcript: When was sickle cell first discovered? Sickle Cell disease was first discovered in the early 1900's. It was described as peculiar. Some recent research on Sickle Cell is that they have developed a blood test which predicts which Sickle Cell patients are most likely to experience the most severe symptoms of the disease. The Sickle cell attacks the body by causing pain called crisis and delayed growth, strokes, and jaundice. The disease mostly affects most parts of Africa. Sickle Cell is an nonInfectious disease. sources cited 1. 1.usa.gov/wxwjtW 2. bit.ly/pW2fRO 3. bit.ly/wcFsA6 4. 1.usa.gov/zDKt6Z How do vacines work? How else is it treated? Vaccines are used in babies and young children with Sickle Cell disease. It is also treated by a daily dose of penincllin. Paintents also need to take folic acid, which helps build new red blood cells. How does Sickle Cell attack the body? Some intersting facts are. 1. This disease is most common in Africa, India and the Caribbean. 2. Sickle cell shaped blood cells only live 10-20 days. 3. In the u.s. it most commonly affects African Americans. 4. Some 120,000 infants are born with Sickle Cell disease every year worldwide. Sickle Cell Jaundice is yellowish hue to the skin and eyes because of liver damage. Disease

Sickle Cell

Transcript: Sickle Cell Symptoms for sickle cell are, severe chest pain, anemia, difficulty breathing, strokes, joint pains, and arthritis Patients with sickle cell develop severe body pains that can appear in the chest, legs, arms, abdominal , and back. Red blood cells in the lungs can a bad illness with pain , fever, and difficulty breathing Male and females both have different life expectancies rates when having sickle cell. Males often die younger than a female with sickle cell Medical Care Antibotics- To take penicillin from around the age of two months until the age of five patients with sickle cell are sometimes proscribed a medicine to help with Anemia. They can also do a blood transfusion. patients are recommeneded to take vitamins with extra folic acid to help with the Anemia To treat the pain doctors may also give the patient pain killers. but they try to make it one of the last options because they dont want the patient to become addicted. They also have some non-drug treatmens such as, accupuncture, physcothereapy, massages, and other relaxation techniques Therapy Home Therapy Pain medication Lots of fluids comfort measures such as heating pads Practice pain mangement skills such as deep breathing, relaxtion and self-talk and plenty of bed rest If both parents have sickle cell there is a 50% chance that child would have or be diagnosed with Sickle Cell. If the child does not have the symptoms then they could pass it down to their childern Environmental Therapy- making arrangement with teachers and or tutors to help the child keep pace with classmates and absences from school Explaining to all teachers that the child well need to use the bathroom more often than others Malik Ebert and Brianna Tyson

sickle cell

Transcript: Sickle Cell Pain Death How trapped cells lack of oxygen When winter dehydrated no cure medication fluids Thanks For Watching What is Sickle Cell Treatment

Sickle Cell

Transcript: INTRODUCTION Hi I am Dr. Spencer Fields PHd. I regret to inform you but your child has sickle cell. Sickle cell occurs when a person inherits two abnormal genes (one from each parent) that causes their red blood cells to change shape. Instead of being flexible and disc-shaped, these cells are more stiff and curved in the shape of the old farm tool known as a sickle — that's where the disease gets its name. The shape is similar to a crescent moon. If you need a further visual watch this video. VIDEO Help? You may be wondering if sickle cell is treatable. In some cases yes. There is slill medicine to ease the pain such as hydroxyurea Oral, there are SERIOUS side effects when taking this dug such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, mouth sores, diarrhea, or constipation . Another well known drug is tocophersolan Oral or Liqui-E. The reason this drug works so well is because it gives the body vitamin-e that it would normally be able to absorb but can't because of sickle cell. http://www.webmd.com/drugs/ Detection/Symptoms A simple blood test can show whether a person has sickle cell disease. Most states test for sickle cell disease before infants go home from the hospital. Painful events are the most common symptom of sickle cell disease. They are periods of pain that happen when sickled cells get stuck in blood vessels and block the blood flow. These events usually cause pain in the hands, feet, belly, back, or chest. The pain may last for hours or for days. People with sickle cell disease often have anemia, caused by a shortage of red blood cells. Anemia makes you feel weak and tired. People with sickle cell anemia may look pale or washed out. Their skin and the whites of their eyes may have a yellowish look. Procedure Bone marrow transplant offers the only potential cure for sickle cell anemia. But, finding a donor is difficult and the procedure has serious risks associated with it, including death. As a result, treatment for sickle cell anemia is usually aimed at avoiding crises, relieving symptoms and preventing complications. If you have sickle cell anemia, you'll need to make regular visits to your doctor to check your red blood cell count and monitor your health. Treatments may include medications to reduce pain and prevent complications, blood transfusions and supplemental oxygen, as well as bone marrow transplant. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sickle-cell-anemia/DS00324/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs What is Sickle Cell ? http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/sickle-cell-disease-topic-overview Photo

Sickle cell

Transcript: The only cure for sickle cell anemia is a bone marrow transplant, but these are very risky and it is difficult to find a donor. Most people only seek treatments for the symptoms and to avoid complecations. Some treatments may be Taking Folic Acid and other vitamin supplements Hydroxyurea Pain medications Blood Transfusions Antibiotics and immunizations Supplemental oxygen Bone marrow transplant Nitric oxide therapy Staying hydrated Reducing stress and avoiding extreme temperatures Planning ahead when flying or visiting high altitude areas Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disease where red blood cells become an abnormal sickle shape as apposed to a healthy circle shape. These abnormal cells die much quicker than normal blood cells, leaving the body with anemia. (where the body doesn't have enough blood cells). It is usually detected by a blood test just after birth. Why is it harmful? The beta globin gene in the body takes the passed on mutation and causes abnormal hemoglobin (HbS) to be created. This abnormal hemoglobin clumps together inside the red blood cell to form long, inflexible strands that elongate the cell and give it the sickled shape. Cells can switch between sickle and regular shapes, but they eventually become permanently sickled. These sickled cells can't use oxygen like a normal blood cell because the abnormal HbS prevents the absorption of oxygen by the hemoglobin. The oxygen floating around can take in nearby stray electrons and become an O2 superoxide anion. These anions may then attack the membrane of the blood cell and form lesions that allow them into the cell. Once inside the cell the O2 anions can hit the HbS molecules. When the anions hit the HbS they combine and turns the HbS molecule into a meta HbS molecule that clumps with other mHbS molecules to form Heinz bodies (made of damaged hemoglobin). Heinz bodies attach to the inside of the cell membrane and cause the cell to die prematurely and be taken out from the blood by macrophages in the spleen. Because so many of these cells are taken out, the body doesn't have enough blood cells and becomes anemic. What are the symptoms? Sickle cell anemia can lead to strokes, acute chest syndrome (a lung infection or sickle cells blocking blood vessels in the lungs), pulminary hypertension, blindness, organ damage, sores, and gallstones Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the gene that makes the bodies hemoglobin. This mutated hemoglobin forms into long strands and causes the cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped. The mutation is passed down through a family and is recessive. People who carry the disease (have the gene from one parent) may create some sickle cells in their blood but not enough to interfere with the body and won't have symptoms. Having the trait and creating sickle cells does not mean you have the disease. The disease is caused by the trait. In the past, people who were a carrier of this sickle cell mutation had a greater resistance against malaria, and a greater chance of surviving to pass on their genes. Treatment Options Interesting Facts Normal bloodstream What causes the disease? Bibliography 1 in 400 African Americans has sickle cell anemia. It's not a disease, it's a trait. If both parents have this trait each offspring has a 25% chance of getting it. sickle cells live for 10 to 20 days while regular cells can live for 150 Sickle cells are most common in people from Africa, India, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder What is it? Symptoms can appear when a person is as young as 4 months old and can include: Anemia (chronic shortage of red blood cells) Periodic episodes of pain Swollen hands and feet Frequent infections Delayed growth and/or delayed puberty Vision problems Pail skin & nail beds Yellow tint to the skin and eyes Strokes What is wrong with the blood cells? Sickle Cell Anemia Bloodstream with Sickle cells What does it look like? Mayo Clinic Staff, . "Sickle Cell Anemia -MayoClinic." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research , May 26, 2011. Web. 8 Mar 2012. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sickle-cell-anemia/DS00324>. Miller, Robin E., MD. "Sickle Cell Anemia." Teens health. The Nemours Foundation, July 2009. Web. 8 Mar 2012. <http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/blood/sickle_cell_anemia.html Board, A.D.A.M. Editorial. "Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors." Sickle Cell Anemia. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 18 Nov. 0000. Web. 08 Mar. 2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001554/>. Academiadeciencia. "Sickle Cell Disease." YouTube. YouTube, 25 Feb. 2011. Web. 08 Mar. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4-c3hUhhyc>. "Everything Majestique!: Interesting Facts about Sickle Cell Disease!" Everything Majestique! Web. 12 Mar. 2012. <http://majestiqueworld.blogspot.com/2008/07/interesting-facts-about-sickle-cell.html>.

Sickle Cell

Transcript: Sickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Disease a disorder that affects hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body. I don't think it needs to be tested with all people because of the small chance of it effecting you. However, it should be tested with people who's ancestors lived in Africa. It mostly effects african people, has a small percentage with other cultures. People with Sickle Cell only have episodes about every year. Sometimes even every few years. It causes damage to the bones of the back and chest. Also it delays growth and causes fever. People with Sickle Cell need ongoing treatment. They need supplements of folic acid because red blood cells are turned over so quickly.

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