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Background to Russia

Transcript: Headline 3 Subtitle Headline 4 Video 1 The year is 1861 Background to Russia Headline 2 Headline 5 I conceive of Russia as a landed estate, of which the proprietor is the Tsar, the administrator the nobility, and the workers the peasantry.

Background presentation

Transcript: Go on Exchange present your country abroad Work with different mentalities Diversity Explore different cultures Be a Member Develop your skills Have an impact Enrich your knowledge AIESEC Be a Leader Lead your team Achieve your vision Coach others Be a mentor EXPERIENCE YOUR AIESEC JOURNEY Gives you a great experience

Background Presentation

Transcript: 14th Week Consulting interns can be expensive Time and Money Personal Experience Preliminary Design Stage NFPA 101 and NFPA 13 New and Existing Education, Business, and Mercantile Definition of Project This app would be used to provide interns and recent graduates with an outline of guidelines for how to design and review designs of specific occupancies. With the given time frame, I will be writing the information that will go into the app Begin parametric study: Speak with my mentor and Jason to understand more about what critical variables I could concentrate on for this app. Choose those parameters and begin my study Gather information from NFPA 101 and NFPA 13 for new and existing education, business, and mercantile occupancies. By: Breanne Thompson Next Steps (Continued) Finish preparing for Draft of Analysis Pull together and discuss results of project Draw my conclusions and state future work needed Turn in Final Paper! 10th and 11th Week Turn in my parametric study Begin draft of analysis Map out the process of the app for the key elements 15th Week References Next Steps 7th Week Prepare for Final Presentation Summarize my draft of analysis into presentation Work on how to incorporate a live demonstration for my presentation App Development Background Information 8th-9th Week Continuous Process Objective-C for Apple products Java for Android products 6 months of studying Places to Learn: Codecademy, iOS Dev Center, Android Developers Training Hire App Developer will cost thousands Prepare Final Paper Dive into Shark Tank! 1. http://lifehacker.com/5401954/programmer-101-teach-yourself-how-to-code 2. http://www.bluecloudsolutions.com/blog/cost-develop-app/ 6th Week Background Presentation 12th-13th Week

Background Presentation

Transcript: Real action and accountability Amnesty International Non-state actors/ Rebel Groups?? ...and what about men?? ignoring male rape victims? would rape exist without a man? Weapons of War: Rape UN as an Arena - NGO's - Discussion and dialogue Arena Instrument Actor Critical Thinking Weapons of War: Rape UN as an instrument UNSC Resolution 1820 (2008) UN as an Actor - UN Action Against Sexual Violence in Conflict Weapons of War: Rape Problems with 1820 "Roles and Functions of International Organizations" "Sexual violence, when used as a tactic of war in order to deliberately target civilians or as a part of a widespread or systematic attack against civilian populations, can significantly exacerbate situations of armed conflict and may impede the restoration of international peace and security… effective steps to prevent and respond to such acts of sexual violence can significantly contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security" (UNSC Resolution 1820, p. 2)" http://www.stoprapenow.org/uploads/advocacyresources/1282164625.pdf Background Presentation- Kristin Mann Weapons of War: Rape Brief Insight - used to manipulate social control - destabilize communities - weaken ethnic groups and identities Examples: - Sudanese Militia - Rwanda Genocide - DRC Critical Thinking http://www.womenundersiegeproject.org/blog/entry/the-need-for-numbers-on-rape-in-warand-why-theyre-nearly-impossible-to-get Critical Thinking Increased Data Collection by international organizations - determine humanitarian responses - ensures justice and reparation - provides recognition and dignity

Economic Background of Russia

Transcript: Challenges Facing the Russian Economy The Russian economy is currently grappling with a range of significant challenges. Economic sanctions imposed by various countries have restricted trade and investment, hindering growth. Furthermore, the need for economic diversification remains critical as the country heavily relies on oil and gas exports. Demographic issues, such as an aging population and declining workforce, also pose long-term risks to economic stability and growth. Major Exporter of Natural Resources Russia is one of the world's largest exporters of natural resources, particularly oil and gas, which significantly influences its foreign trade dynamics. Key Trading Partners China, the European Union, and the United States are among Russia's top trading partners, with China being the largest, accounting for a substantial portion of its trade volume. Foreign Trade and Investment Economic Background of Russia Fluctuating Foreign Direct Investment Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Russia has seen fluctuations due to geopolitical tensions, which impacts the overall economic stability and growth prospects. Need for Economic Diversification Investment in technology and infrastructure is essential for Russia’s economic diversification and growth, attracting foreign capital into various sectors beyond energy. Energy Sector: A Global Leader Manufacturing and Agriculture: Diversifying the Economy The energy sector is the backbone of the Russian economy, contributing significantly to GDP and export revenues. Russia is one of the world's largest producers of oil and natural gas, with significant reserves that fuel its economy and influence global energy markets. Manufacturing is diverse, encompassing machinery, automotive, and aerospace industries. While it contributes less to GDP than energy, it plays a crucial role in job creation and economic diversification. Additionally, agriculture remains vital, producing grains, potatoes, and livestock, ensuring food security and export opportunities. An In-depth Analysis of Russia's Economic Landscape and Historical Influences GDP Growth Rate: 1.5% As of 2023, Russia's GDP growth rate stands at approximately 1.5%, reflecting slow recovery amid ongoing international sanctions and geopolitical tensions. Inflation Rate: 6% Key Economic Indicators The inflation rate in Russia has been fluctuating around 6%, driven by supply chain disruptions and changes in consumer demand resulting from economic sanctions. Unemployment Rate: 4.5% Currently, the unemployment rate in Russia is approximately 4.5%, indicating a relatively stable job market despite the economic challenges the country faces. Historical Overview of Russia's Economic System A chronological exploration of key milestones in Russia's economic evolution from the Soviet Union to the modern era. Russia's Economic Significance and Distinctiveness 1991 2023 2000 1917 The collapse of the Soviet Union marks a transition to a market economy, characterized by privatization and deregulation. Current focus on economic diversification and resilience against external pressures, with a push for innovation in various sectors. Vladimir Putin's presidency begins, leading to economic stabilization and growth driven by rising oil prices. The Bolshevik Revolution leads to the establishment of a socialist economy, nationalizing industries and collectivizing agriculture. 1928 2020 Russia holds a pivotal position in the global economy, recognized for its vast natural resources, particularly in energy sectors like oil and gas. Its economic landscape is characterized by state involvement in key industries, a mix of planned and market-driven approaches, and a need for diversification to foster sustainable growth. Understanding these elements is vital for comprehending Russia's role in international trade and finance. The first Five-Year Plan is implemented, focusing on rapid industrialization and central planning in the economy. The Russian economy faces challenges due to sanctions and the COVID-19 pandemic, impacting growth.

Russia - historical background

Transcript: February Revolution - Vladimir Lenin called for a coup > successful > RSFSR was founded Stucture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_history#20th_century https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Russia http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17840446 http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac14 http://www.zeit.de/zeit-geschichte/2017/02/wladimir-iljitsch-lenin-kommunismus-sowjetunion http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/animalfarm/context.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Civil_War -first world war: many russians killed > lost faith in the regime -abdication of tsar Nicholas II >government of dual power between the Provisionual Government and the Petrograd Soviet October Revolution Sources: -november 1917-october 1922 - red army against the white army > red army won the war -> USSR was founded (Soviet Union) -> leader was Vladimir Lenin > after his death: Josef Stalin Nicholas II. - Tsar of Russia Russian Revolution Russian Revolution 1905 - general situation -Russian revolution -February revolution -October revolution -Russian civil war Russian civil war general situation - 1905 -started with the bloody sunday > 22nd January 1905 -many strikes and demostrations > unsuccessful revolution Russia - historical background -lots of social and economic problems -military collapse -autocratic monarch -dissatisfaction (= Unzufriedenheit) -Nicholas II -> Tsar of Russia -RSDLP was founded > divided into two groups

Issue Background - Russia

Transcript: ISSUE BACKGROUND Allies and Enemies Economic Data - 79.8% Russian - 3.8% Tatar - 2% Ukrainian - 1.2% Bashkir - 1.1% Chuvash - 12.1% unspecified (based on 2002 census) - People are already worried about Putin's growing power *He's been in power for 12 consecutive years -Archimandrite Tikhon Shevkunov, a prominent figure in the Russian Orthodox Church, is widely recognized as Putin's spiritual leader *Russia is a largely secular culture, so most Russians don't like the idea that Putin is "advised" by a man who doesn't represent the ideas of most Russians *Many Russians think Shevkunov is trying to impose fundamental orthodoxy on Russia - In August, a female music group, Pussy Riot, staged an anti-Putin/Russian Orthodox Protest * They wanted to make a statement against the church patriarch, Kirill I's support of Putin's 3rd presidential term *They were sentenced to 2 years in a prison camp *The story has sparked outrage across the world in governments and human rights groups Moscow RUSSIA - GDP of $2.414 trillion; 7th largest economy in the world - Unemployment rate: 6.6% (74th lowest in world) - World's leading oil producer, 2nd largest producer of natural gas - Largest exporter of steel and primary aluminum - Mining/Extractive (coal, oil, gas, chemicals, metals, etc.) and Machine Building (aircrafts, defense products, heavy equipment) industries are very important - Imports: pharmaceuticals, vehicles, meat, fruit, nuts, semi-finished metal products * China, Germany, Ukraine, Italy - Exports: petroleum, natrual gas, metals, wood, chemicals, military manufactures *Netherlands, China, Italy, Germany, Poland - Close allies with India and China *All part of the BRIC nations; they also compete economically - Relationship with the United States *Formally ALLIES *BUT (in polls of American citizens): - Russia was included in a list of countries considered to be America's greatest enemy - People are split almost even on whether or not they view Russia favorably - 52% of people consider Russia's military power an "important" threat - 37% of people say that Russia is "not friendly but not an enemy" - 73% of people think that a nuclear Russia would pose a serious threat to the USA Summary: Current Leadership photo credit Nasa / Goddard Space Flight Center / Reto Stöckli Troubling bond between the Church and the Kremlin - President (Chief of State): Vladmir Putin *Prime Minister (1999-2000, 2008-2012) *President (2000-2004, 2004-2008, 2012 present) - Prime Minister (Head of Government): Dmitriy Anatolyevich - Both members of the United Russia party - Russian Orthodox: 15-20% - Muslim: 10-15% - Other Christians: 2% *** Russia has a huge population of non-practicing believers due to Soviet Russia's discouragement of religious worship Religious Composition - Federation * Formal Name: Russian Federation - Semi-Presidential Constitutional Republic * Constitution Adopted December 12, 1993 - Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches - NOT under the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice Type of Government Languages Spoken - Spends 3.9% of GDP on education (108th in world) - 99.6% of population is literate - Primary to Tertiary Education: 14 years - Official Language: Russian - Many other minority languages also spoken ISSUE Educational Data Ethnic Composition

Background Presentation

Transcript: Death rate 2012: 12.84 deaths/1,000 population (World ranking: 22) Infant (Child Mortality) Total: 79.02 deaths/1,000 live births (world ranking: 10) HIV/AIDS (2) Appropriate Technology Landlocked country Great African Rift Valley system: East – Lake Malawi South – mountains, tropical palm-lined beaches Mainly a large plateau, with some hills Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa) Almost 1 million people have AIDS 60% of these are female Declining in urban areas, Rising in rural areas Leading cause of death amongst adults Contributes to the low life expectancy: 54.2 years 209th ranking (One of the lowest) 500,000 children have been orphaned due to AIDs Micro-finance Policy Framework and Strategies (Health SWAp) increasing the availability and accessibility of antenatal services; utilization of skilled health personnel during pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period at all levels of the health system; strengthening the capacity of individuals and institutions to improve maternal and neonatal health; increasing the number of skilled health personnel; constructing and upgrading health facilities to offer essential health services particularly focusing on rural and underserved areas; and provision of ARVs and micronutrients during pregnancy. Geography of Malawi CCST 9004 Appropriate Technology for the Developing World Indicator 3: Literacy Rate of 15 – 24 year-olds According to the World Bank, microfinance is defined as: Microfinance is the provision of financial services to the entrepreneurial poor.This definition has two important features:it emphasizes a range of financial services—not just credit— and it emphasizes the entrepreneurial poor. Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Appropriate Technology: SIRDAMAIZE 113 Population: 16,777,547 (estimated in July 2013) Population growth rate: 2.758% (2012 est.) (World ranking: 18) Age structure Children: 50% of total population HIV/AIDS Human Resources Education Poverty Food Insecurity Erratic Rainfall Patterns/Droughts Corruption Lack of Foreign Investment Languages Indicator 5: Proportion of seats held by women in National Parliaments Central Region: 1-9 (Yellow) *Capital: Lilongwe Northern Region: 10-15 (Red) Southern Region: 16-27 (Green) Lake Malawi (Blue) Land surface area 45,747 square miles Challenges: · shortage of qualified primary school teachers; · inadequate physical infrastructure; · poor retention of girls mainly from standard five to eight; · high disease burden due to HIV and AIDS consequently leadinto absenteeism, especially among girls who take care of the sick · Poverty levels are high in rural areas. Malawi – Climate/Agriculture Trading partners: South Africa, Zambia, China, US Challenges: · shortage of qualified primary school teachers; · inadequate physical infrastructure; · poor retention of girls mainly from standard five to eight; · high disease burden due to HIV and AIDS consequently leading to absenteeism especially among girls who take care of the sick; and · poor participation of school committees and their communities in school management. · Poverty levels are high in rural areas. 1 Doctor per 50,000 people Hinders the ability to deliver medical services to people in need Reason: Emigration Lack of access to education Aggravated by AIDS > 4 nurses are lost each month This also affects other sectors: Government Business Farmers Human Resources HIV/AIDS - Contemporary GDP: US $14.58 billion (2012 est.) (World ranking: 142) Labor force: agriculture: 90%; industry and services: 10% (2003 est.) Countries main income Agriculture Main crops: maize, tobacco, tea, sugar cane, groundnuts, cotton, wheat, coffee, and rice Industry: tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods Challenges: limited capacity in terms of human and material resources to facilitate adult literacy and continuing education; early marriages perpetuated by socioeconomic factors; socio–cultural factors that make people believe that men should be leaders while women are followers; and, poor learning environment which affects girls in primary and secondary schools e.g. sanitary facilities, long distances to education facilities, extra burden from domestic chores especially for adolescent girls resulting into high dropout rate. 1964: Independent from Britain Indicator 1: Maternal Mortality Ratio Malawi Demographics Problems - Outline Indicator 4: Share of Women in Wage Employment in the Non- Agriculture Sector measure of employment opportunities ( i.e equal proportions of men and women in formal employment) Yet, more women participate in the agriculture sector than in the formal wage employment especially in jobs that require professional qualifications. Due to: literacy levels, gender disparity and cultural values. Facts About the Product: Drought tolerant maize variant Able to mature under limited rainfall Suitable for marginal rainfall areas 136 days to mature Normally: 150 – 180 days Able to mature under limited rainfall Suitable for marginal rainfall areas

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