Learning Disabilities
Transcript: "A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations. The term includes such conditions as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia and developmental aphasia. The term does not include children who have learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing or motor abilities, of mental retardation, of emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural or economic disadvantage." Facts *Can not be 'cured' or 'fixed', it is a life long issue *15% of the population has a learning disability *80% of those with learning disabilities, have reading disabilities *Often run in families *ADHD often pairs with LD *Severity and types varies among children Types Dyslexia - a language-based disability where one has trouble understanding written words Dyscalculia - a mathematical disability in which a person has a difficult time solving arithmetic problems and grasping math concepts Dysgraphia - a writing disability in which a person finds it hard to form letters or write within a defined space Auditory and Visual Processing Disorder - sensory disabilities in which a person has difficulty understanding language despite normal hearing and vision Nonverbal Learning Disabilities - a neurological disorder which originates in the right hemisphere of the brain, causing problems with visual-spatial, intuitive, organizational, evaluative and holistic processing functions Behaviors and Symptoms *Children with learning disabilities are as smart as or smarter than their peers *Difficulity decoding 'nonsense' words or unfamiliar words *Read aloud inaccurately or in a 'choppy' way *Difficulty naming letters and numbers rapidly *Transpose words or letter *Weak in reading comprehension, vocabulary, and written composition skills *Read with a lot of effort *Read in a monotone expression *Difficulty understanding or identifying main themes or conclusions of text *Limited vocabulary *Memory problems *Organization problems *May have some anxiety problems *Difficulty expressing their ideas *Poor grammar, punctuation, and spelling *Illegible or poor writing *Write slowly and with great effort *Difficulty coping with changes *Difficulty generalizing knowledge *Trouble following directions, especially multi-step *Make very literally interpretations of speech *Ask excessive questions Interventions and Strategies *Emphasize vocabulary instruction *Promote an attitude of enthusiasm toward learning *Build self-esteem and eliminate bullying *Slow down the presentation of the lesson *Emphasize the importance of sequence *Encourage the use of technology *Modify curriculum and relax classroom deadlines *Be precise in communication *Instruction must be explicit, systematic and intensive *Encourage a child’s strengths *Extra time for exams or homework *Written instructions are read aloud *Lessons may be taped *Breaking tasks into smaller steps, and giving directions verbally and in writing *Have a scribe or guided notes for the students *Accompany instruction with images *Use kinesthetic learning methods or multi-sensory techniques *Use music and rhythm in language instructions *Teach specific skills with repeated practice *Teach and model all skills Resources *Assistive Technology *Remediation *Specialists *Speech Language Therapists *New Teaching Strategies *Direct Instruction *Special Education program *FAT City instructional video *Textbooks *Websites *1st Person Narratives How are children with Learning Disabilities discovered? *Response to Intervention - takes a great deal of time, but start intervention before failure *IQ Discrepency - student has to fail first, but makes the most sense for LD *Teacher Observations - teacher must be able to examine student closely Where Can I Find More Information? http://www.ncld.org/ http://www.ldonline.org/ http://nichcy.org/disability/specific/ld#char http://teachingld.org/ http://www.readingrockets.org/audience/teachers/ FAT City Videos Differentiate - what makes an LD student different from a typical student Examine - how a learning disability might be discovered Assemble - a presentation to be used for peers Learning Disabilities Start at 2:17 IDEA Definition Bloom's Taxonomy