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Hepatitis C Powerpoint Presentation Templates

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C++ Templates

Transcript: 1- Function Template 2 - Class Template 3- Variable Template Thank You ! C++ Templates Example What does that mean ? The Types Of Templates : Generic code Dina Essam 20140333 Group 12 Level 2 Data Structure Dr : Mohamed -Ramly Introduction to Templates The Most Important Reason ! Why Templates ?

PowerPoint Game Templates

Transcript: Example of a Jeopardy Template By: Laken Feeser and Rachel Chapman When creating without a template... http://www.edtechnetwork.com/powerpoint.html https://www.thebalance.com/free-family-feud-powerpoint-templates-1358184 Example of a Deal or No Deal Template PowerPoint Game Templates There are free templates for games such as jeopardy, wheel of fortune, and cash cab that can be downloaded online. However, some templates may cost more money depending on the complexity of the game. Classroom Games that Make Test Review and Memorization Fun! (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2017, from http://people.uncw.edu/ertzbergerj/msgames.htm Fisher, S. (n.d.). Customize a PowerPoint Game for Your Class with These Free Templates. Retrieved February 17, 2017, from https://www.thebalance.com/free-powerpoint-games-for-teachers-1358169 1. Users will begin with a lot of slides all with the same basic graphic design. 2. The, decide and create a series of questions that are to be asked during the game. 3. By hyper linking certain answers to different slides, the game jumps from slide to slide while playing the game. 4. This kind of setup is normally seen as a simple quiz show game. Example of a Wheel of Fortune Template https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Wheel-of-Riches-PowerPoint-Template-Plays-Just-Like-Wheel-of-Fortune-383606 Games can be made in order to make a fun and easy way to learn. Popular game templates include: Family Feud Millionaire Jeopardy and other quiz shows. http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/deal-powerpoint-template/ Quick video on template "Millionaire" PowerPoint Games Some games are easier to make compared to others If users are unsure whether or not downloading certain templates is safe, you can actually make your own game by just simply using PowerPoint. add logo here References Example of a Family Feud Template PowerPoint Games are a great way to introduce new concepts and ideas You can create a fun, competitive atmosphere with the use of different templates You can change and rearrange information to correlate with the topic or idea being discussed. Great with students, workers, family, etc. For example: With games like Jeopardy and Family Feud, players can pick practically any answers. The person who is running the game will have to have all of the answers in order to determine if players are correct or not. However, with a game like Who Wants to be a Millionaire, the players only have a choice between answers, A, B, C, or D. Therefore, when the player decides their answer, the person running the game clicks it, and the game will tell them whether they are right or wrong.

Hepatitis C

Transcript: Hepatitis C How is it transmitted? Extremely small, 50 nanometers Not easily transmitted If taken with certain precautions What are the signs&symptoms Short-mid flu diarrhea jaundice itchy skin Has been around foreverm but was identified in 1989 photo (cc) Malte Sörensen @ flickr How to prevent Hepatitas? What does it look like? Through blood to blood contact Dont share anything that can have your blood on it Small RNA virus, mutates frequently Is it easy to transmit Ex/ toothbrushes, razors, nail clippers What is the infectious agent? History of the Hep C What is the treatment for Hepatitis C FDA approved Victrelis

Hepatitis C Presentation

Transcript: Presented By : Odris, Andrea, Gabriella, and Thomas Hepatitis C History History The first type of Hepatitis Virus that was seen was first identified as Hepatitis B in 1963, then Hepatitis A was found in 1973. It wasn't until the 1980's during a study that Hepatitis C was found in the blood previously known as non-A non-B Hepatitis (NANB). Identification of Virus Identification of Virus 1990 - Blood banks began testing blood donors for Hepatitis C. 1991 - FDA approved the first alfa interferon (Schering's Intron A) as treatment for Hepatitis C. 1992 - A blood test was made to effectively scan blood before it was transfused into patients. 1996 - FDA approved alfa interferon (Roche - Roferon A) to treat Hepatitis C. 1997 - FDA approved consensus interferon (Amgen- now InterMune-Infergen) as treatment for Hepatitis C. 1998 - FDA approved Rebetron to treat Hepatitis C. Important Dates Involing Hepatitis C Important Dates Involing Hepatitis C Growth of Hepatitis C (1982-2014) Growth of Hepatitis C (1982-2014) Etiology and Pathology Etiology and Pathology ETIOLOGY ETIOLOGY The “C” Virus is a highly infectious blood-borne virus that affects humans and chimpanzees Hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis C Virus. What is Hepatitis C ? WHat is the C Virus? Hepatitis C was first discovered in the 1989 by Michael Hougton. WHEN HEPATITIS C WAS FIRST DISCOVERED? PATHOLOGY There are more viruses related to liver diseases, such as viruses A, B, C. However, the type C Virus is the one that triggers the liver cells to infect the organ causing Hepatitis C and other deadly diseases. PATHOLOGY Progression of an Infected Liver with the Hepatitis C Virus Liver dysfunctions could last from few weeks to a lifetime as a chronic disease or death. Acute and Persistence are two stages in the C Virus infection progress. Acute: When the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) hides, and does not give any alarm to the liver that something is wrong. Chronic or Persistence: It is the form of HCV that causes significant morbidity and mortality of the liver's cells with a risk of liver cirrhosis and subsequently hepatocellular cancer. HEPATITIS C VIRUS STAGES HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION PROCESS HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION PROCESS THE HCV MIGHT NOT WORK ALONE Studies show that the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) might be associated with stress-fibers due to the big amount of them found during a HCV infection. Stress fibers are actomyosin-based bundles, which have several cellular processes including adhesion and motility. These fibers give support cellular structures. This means that the Hepatitis C Virus travels through the cells because stress cells support it. THE HCV MIGHT NOT WORK ALONE The symtoms of the Hepatitis C are unnoticed when it is in its early stage. However, when the infection further develops damages the liver, and many years could pass until the infection becomes chronic. SIGNS AND SYMTOMS SIGNS AND SYMTOMS SYMTOMS OF A CHRONIC HEPATITIS C Bleeding easily Bruising easily Fatigue Poor appetite Yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes (jaundice) Dark-colored urine Itchy skin Fluid buildup in your abdomen (ascites) Swelling in your legs Weight loss Confusion, drowsiness and slurred speech (hepatic encephalopathy) Spider-like blood vessels on your skin (spider angiomas) SYMTOMS OF A CHRONIC HEPATITIS C TO Be Safe... TO Be Safe... The HCV virus only infects humans and chimpanzees, and it is highly contagious through bodily fluids, such as saliva and blood. A periodical blood test is recommended for the detection of Hepatitis C. In the same manner, if the patient is infected with the HCV, an immediate treatment could save his/her life. Response and Treatment Response and Treatment Immune System How the immune system is involved The immune system partially controls the viral infection but due to a long-lasting inflammation that occurs, hepatic damage occurs causing cirrosis. The inefficiency of the immune system in eliminating the virus is not well understood as humoral and cellular immune responses are induced There are still questions to the immune systems responce and the way the virus afflicts the body Treatments Treatments The previous treatment offered outcomes with many side effects, the new drugs that are offered have less side effects with greater outcomes but are costly for patients “Previously the available treatment for HCV comprised peginterferon and ribavirin, whose mode of action was to stimulate the body’s natural immune response to a virus” (Jack, K. 2015) “The new drugs are known as direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and work by targeting different stages of the viral replication process” (Jack, K. 2015). The new research has brought out some other factors of why treatments are not completed. Women are less likely to complete treatment and have a lower rate of treating Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Research shows that many women are not able to complete treatment due to care taking obligations and have less income or lower paying

Hepatitis C

Transcript: Hepatitis C How Is Hepatitis C Caused? The hepatitis C virus causes hepatitis C. Viruses are germs that can cause sickness. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is spread by direct contact with an infected person's blood. The symptoms of the hepatitis C virus can be very similar to those of the hepatitis A and B viruses. However, infection with HCV can lead to chronic liver disease and is the leading reason for liver transplant in the United States. The hepatitis C virus can be spread by: sharing drug needles getting a tattoo or body piercing with unsterilized tools blood transfusions (especially ones that occurred before 1992; since then the U.S. blood supply has been routinely screened for the disease) transmission from mother to newborn sexual contact (although this is less common) Hepatitis C is also a common threat in kidney dialysis centers. Rarely, people living with an infected person can contract the disease by sharing items that might contain that person's blood, such as razors or toothbrushes. Facts About HCV Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV infection sometimes results in an acute symtomatic illness. It can range in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong chronic condition that can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. HCV is transmitted through contact with the blood of an infected person. About 130–170 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus, and more than 350 000 people die from hepatitis C-related liver diseases each year. HCV infection is curable using increasingly effective antivirals. Despite ongoing research, there is currently no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C virus infection. HCV stands for Hepatitis C virus, or just Hepatitis C. Of every 100 persons infected with HCV, approximately: 75-85 will go on to develop chronic infection 60-70 will go on to develop chronic liver disease 5-20 will go on to develop cirrhosis over a period of 20-30 years 1-5 will die from the consequences of chronic infection (liver cancer or cirrhosis) Hepatitis C CANNOT be passed on by hugging, sneezing, coughing, sharing food or water, sharing cutlery, or casual contact! Many people do not have symptoms when they become infected with hepatitis C. Symptoms may emerge later, taking anywhere between 15 and 150 days to develop. Occasionally a person will not develop any symptoms and their immune system will successfully clear the virus without their knowledge. An infected person without symptoms can still act as a carrier and pass the virus on to others. Symptoms may include: A short, mild, flu-like illness; nausea and vomiting; diarrhea; loss of appetite; weight loss; jaundice (yellow skin and whites of eyes, darker yellow urine and pale feces); itchy skin. About 20% of individuals who become infected with HCV will clear the virus from their body within 6 months, though this does not mean they are immune from future infection with HCV. The other 80% of people will develop chronic hepatitis C infection, during which the virus may cause mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. These people will however carry the hepatitis C virus for the rest of their lives and will remain infectious to others. Questions Q:How can Hepatitis C be prevented? A:Hepatitis C can be prevented by finding out if you have the disease, then being acuratly aware of where your blood is going, whether it be on a tissue, or a diabetes's lancet. Q:After someone has Hepatitis C, what is the medical treatment? A:The medical treatment for Hepatitis C is anti-viral drugs (pegylated interferon and ribavirin). Q:What are the symptoms of Hepatitis C? A:Symptoms may include: A short, mild, flu-like illness; nausea and vomiting; diarrhea; loss of appetite; weight loss; jaundice (yellow skin and whites of eyes, darker yellow urine and pale feces); itchy skin. HCV cell photo frame Hepatitis A,B, and C awareness! Beware non- awareness! Video Sources http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HCV/HCVfaq.htm#section1 http://www.digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddisease/pubs/hepc_ez/ http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/hepatitis.html# http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164/en/ http://www.health.ny.gov/disease/communicable/hepatitis/hepatitis_c/fact_sheet.htm http://www.avert.org/hepatitis.htm (cc) photo by Franco Folini on Flickr (cc) photo by Metro Centric on Flickr doodles BAZINGA! Notes BAZINGA!!!! (cc) photo by Metro Centric on Flickr Assets (cc) photo by jimmyharris on Flickr

Hepatitis C

Transcript: Treatment and Prevention History Single strand, positive-sense RNA virus with 7 genotypes Infects hepatocytes with rapid, mutation prevalent replication 60-70% of those infected develop some form of liver disease Up to 20% will develop Cirrhosis Up to 5% of will die from cirrhosis or liver cancer "Hepatitis C Information for the Public". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). October 22 2012. Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a bloodborne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989;244:359–362. Silvestri F, Barillari G, Fanin R, et al. Risk of hepatitis C virus infection, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, and monoclonal gammopathies. Blood 1996; 88:1125–1126. National Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: Management of hepatitis C: 2002—June 10–12, 2002. Hepatology 2002 Alter MJ, Kruszon-Moran D, Nainan OV, et al. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:556–562. Worldwide Hepatitis C Prevalence Hepatitis C Before 1989, its existence had not been proven. Known as "non-A" "non-B" up until 1970's through transfusion experiments Cloning and isolation of genome through collaboration between Chiron Corp. and the CDC led to its discovery in 1989 Chronic and widespread infection among the world population confirmed Linked to cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma Research: A Possible Cure Although short term symptoms are rare, they can include: fever fatigue loss of appetite nausea vomiting abdominal pain dark urine joint pain jaundice clay-colored bowel movements Virology My research in Dr. Stephen F. Martin's lab is but one of many attempts to prevent HCV replication I study the thermodynamic properties of protein ligand interactions with the NS3 Protein The NS3 protein is an autoprotease that is vital to the processing step of replication after translation Treatment still limited to general antiviral drugs like ribavirin and pegylated interferon alpha. Approximately 50-60% of people have improved outcomes with this treatment. Unfortunately, half the patients undergoing this drug therapy experience flu like symptoms, with a third experiencing altered emotional states (mood swings, irritability, and depression). Unlike Hepatitis A and B, there is currently no vaccine An overview References Epidemiology and Statistics Long-term Effects Estimated 200 million (2-3% population) infected with Hepatitis C Hepatitis C classified as either acute or chronic. With less than 1% of people experiencing acute symptoms. 15-25% of those exposed successfully fight off the virus, while 75-85% have the chronic infection. (Ex: 3.2 million in the United States) Over 80% cases are asymptomatic; not recognized until liver damage is present Published January 27, 2012 Spread occurs primarily by sharing equipment for drug injections or from mother to child (4% chance) Sexual contact and accidental blood-blood transmission is possible but rare It can survive outside of a host for 16 hours to 4 days Those infected with HIV, and older patients who received hemodialysis or blood-clotting treatments are also at risk Acute Symptoms and Spread

Hepatitis B templates

Transcript: Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus. It can often lead to liver cancer or cirrhosis Diagnosis Hepatitis B virus can survive outside the body for at least 7 days Incubation period for Hep B virus is ~75 days The virus may be detected within 30 to 60 days after infection Symptoms Cure/Treatment/Vaccine Test either serum or blood viral antigen produce by virus HBV antibodies produce by body immune system >In infants and children: 80–90% of infants infected during the first year of life develop chronic infections 30–50% of children infected before the age of 6 years develop chronic infections. >In adults: less than 5% of otherwise healthy persons who are infected as adults will develop chronic infection 20–30% of adults who are chronically infected will develop cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. After exposure to Hepatitis B one should immediately contact their doctor and receive an injection of Hepatitis B immune globulin which may protect one from developing Hepatitis B If one has acute Hepatitis B (meaning it will be short-lived) then treatment may not be necessary, and the doctor will focus on reducing symptoms instead. Chronic Hepatitus B infection can be treated with antiviral medications that help to fight the virus and slow its ability to damage your liver. There are numerous types of medicines such as Baraclude that will help with Hepatitis B, but currently there is no cure for the infection Another treatment option for chronic Hepatitis B is liver transplant surgery Reference Who is at risk for chronic disease? Most signs and symptoms of HBV appear 3 months after infection and can be mild to severe, some of these symptoms incude: -Abdominal Pain -Dark urine -Fever -Joint pain -Loss of appetite -Nausea/Vomiting -Weakness/Fatigue -Yellowing of skin -Disordered gustatory acuity and smell sensations -Right upper quadrant and epigastric pain Pathogen Hepatitis B. (2016). World Health Organization. Retrieved 1 November 2016, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/ Hepatitis B Workup: Approach Considerations, Diagnostic Tests, Radiologic Studies. (2016). Emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved 1 November 2016, from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177632-workup Kahila Bar‐Gal, G., Kim, M. J., Klein, A., Shin, D. H., Oh, C. S., Kim, J. W., ... & Spigelman, M. (2012). Tracing hepatitis B virus to the 16th century in a Korean mummy. Hepatology, 56(5), 1671-1680. Sunbul, M. (2014). Hepatitis B virus genotypes: global distribution and clinical importance. World J Gastroenterol, 20(18), 5427-34. (HBV) Hepatitis B By: Lee Chia Vui Facts about Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. The virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person. An estimated 240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B (defined as hepatitis B surface antigen positive for at least 6 months). More than 686 000 people die every year due to complications of hepatitis B, including cirrhosis and liver cancer 1. Hepatitis B is an important occupational hazard for health workers. However, it can be prevented by currently available safe and effective vaccine. mode of transmission blood semen other body fluids unprotected sexual contact. sharing needles between drug abuser mother to child. unsterilized tattoo, body piercing, or medical/dental equipment. Sharing of toothbrush or razors contaminated with infected blood

Hepatitis C

Transcript: The development of the vaccine has no major positive or negative environmental implications. What is Hepatitis C? of the vaccine being developed Once symptoms begin to show, the following are common: How the Virus Enters the Cell: ... small One RNA strand is used to make the 2nd RNA strand, which is called the intermediate. The intermediate acts a photocopier. The RNA is then shipped out to infect other cells. Researchers estimate that it will still take about 5 - 7 years for the vaccine to be approved, since there is still quite a bit of testing to be done. Social Implications: An electron micrograph of the hepatitis C virus. A healthy liver vs. one with cirrhosis. Social Implications: Once the vaccine is developed, millions of dollars will be saved in developing treatments and drugs. However, actually developing the vaccine will cost millions of dollars, as will creating and distributing the vaccine. Researchers at the University of Alberta have discovered a vaccine that seems to work on different strands all over the world. This single strain of vaccine can elicit antibodies that are able to neutralize all the major strands of Hepatitis C tested so far. The vaccine is NOT a cure. Can lead to... Chronic liver disease Liver cancer By Jeshika Divedia & Komel Minhas Implications There are no initial symptoms. They do not occur until cirrhosis, which is permanent scarring of the liver. Symptoms Hepatitis C Inside the Liver Cell Cont'd There is currently no vaccine to prevent the Hepatitis C virus. However, the University of Alberta has made some advances in finding a vaccine to prevent HCV. Symptoms Cont'd Hundreds of thousands of people would be immune to Hepatitis C. However, millions of people in places where vaccinations may not be as available would still have the risk of catching and suffering from this virus, Inside the Liver Cell Risk Factors Environmental Implications Why is a vaccine so hard to develop? (cc) photo by medhead on Flickr An infection caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C means inflammation of the liver. Turns chronic because it is difficult for the body to get rid of it. Essentially having contact with almost ANY bodily fluids from a person infected with hepatitis C. Economical Implications Abdominal pain and swelling Pale stools Dark urine Fatigue Fever Itching Jaundice Loss in appetite Nausea Vomiting Like HIV, HCV is constantly changing its genetic makeup as a evolutionary mechanism. Because of this, it is hard to pinpoint an area on the surface of the virus where the vaccine can be built from. Researchers are focusing on an internal part of the virus because it is less likely to change. Potential Vaccine The virus dissolves its outer coating and releases its RNA. The viral RNA interacts with the ribosomes on the rough ER, encouraging them to form more viral polypeptides. The viral polypeptides are broken down into 3 structural and 7 non-structural proteins. 1. Enters the body through the bloodstream and travels to the liver. 2. The virus has receptor proteins on its surface that bind to the receptors on the liver cells. 3. When the virus is bonded to receptors on the liver cells, the cell allows the virus in. Prevention

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