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Neuroscience vs. Free Will

Transcript: The Astonishing Hypothesis "A person's mental activities are entirely due to the behavior of nerve cells, glial cells, and the atoms, ions, and molecules that make them up and influence them." -Francis Crick "...the patients did not consciously perceive the masked primes that influenced their behaviour." [no free will] compatibilism Double dissociation • Studies on unconscious decision have reported a brain area supplementary motor area (SMA) involvement • SMA is known to be involved in motor preparation • Three main controversial questions followed by the decision study 1) Is SMA movement origination cortical site? 2) Short delay between the onset of the readiness potential and the decision is inaccurate? 3) Does brain activity selectively predict the specific choice outcome or not? Stoicism "Freedom is secured not by the fulfilling of men's desires, but by the removal of desire." -Epictetus Discussion Determinism & Free Will René Descartes Decoding the outcome of a decision from motion parameters Methods Free Will? In contrast to most previous studies it is possible that… • frontopolar cortex was the first cortical stage at which the actual decision was made, whereas precuneus was involved in storage of the decision until it reached awareness. • frontal and parietal cortex of the human brain had considerable information that predicted the outcome of a motor decision before the conscious awareness. • when the subject’s decision reached awareness it had been influenced by unconscious brain activity for up to ~10 s. • earliest predictive information is encoded in these two regions and not in SMA!!! • preparatory time period in such regions is longer than previous reports for motor related areas! Review of several theories and experiments Definitions: voluntary actions vs. reflex actions [x habit!] Measuring conscious intention Circuits for voluntary action [next] Decision-making scheme: whether, what, veto feedback, when Computational principles: exploratory, random, conditioned, goal-directed Consciousness as an observer, rather as a decision-maker Discussion: implications for individual moral responsibility? Plato Marek Svoboda Discussion libertarianism Current Popular Views - Patrick Haggard - Sebastian Seung I am my Connectome Is free will a precondition for deserving blame for immoral acts and deserving credit for achievements? neuroscientific evidence does not undermine free will. the current central problem: scientists are employing a flawed notion of free will The neuroscientist Read Montague defines free will as “the idea that we make choices and have thoughts independent of anything remotely resembling a physical process. Free will is the close cousin to the idea of the soul” (Current Biology 18, 2008) Neuroscientific discoveries over the next century will uncover how consciousness- lets not define the mind or free will in a way that begins by cutting off this possibility for progress freewill is... capacities for conscious deliberation, rational thinking and self-control are not magical abilities. They need not belong to immaterial souls outside the realm of scientific understanding Predictive information regarding the selected hand arose first in frontopolar cortex Human volition: towards a neuroscience of will In contrast to frontopolar cortex, the precuneus continued to encode the chosen hand during the response period Philosophy • How much predictive information each brain region contained about specific outcome of a motor decision at various time points before we are aware? • Used statistical pattern recognition techniques to predict the specific outcome of a subject’s motor decision by recognizing characteristic local brain patterns associated with each choice. Let's study free decision on other behavioral aspect… Chun Siong Soon et al investigated which brain regions predetermine conscious intentions and when one start shaping a motor decision. • The timing of the decision predicted ahead of time -> decoding of the time decision was possible as early as 5 s preceding the motor decision mainly from pre-SMA and SMA • For frontopolar and parietal cortex this was only possible just before the motor decision -> right before the conscious decision, both of these regions begin to encode timing and handedness information. Ji Yun Shin Key question of their study: Is Neuroscience the Death of Free Will? -Eddy Nahmias Subjects freely decided between one of two buttons using by the left and right index fingers with immediate pressing. They making motor decision they remembered the letter presented. A response-mapping screen with four choices appeared when response buttons were chosen. Then they indicated when selecting the corresponding letter with a second button press made their motor decisions. After a delay the letter stream started again and anew trial began. The delay for next trial was on average 21.6 s [false] 1. frontopolar cortex, BA10 : The predictive information in the fMRI signals 7 s ~ 10

Free Read PowerPoint

Transcript: Free Read PowerPoint Project Judith Rumelt, better known by her pen name Cassandra Clare, is an American author of young adult fiction. Main Characters Summary Prominent literary item Will Herondale-Will has dark hair and ocean blue eyes. Will is rude and cruel because he believes everyone that loves him will die. He believes this because a demon put a 'curse' on him. Tessa Gray- Tessa has blonde hair and grey eyes. She is very witty and enjoys literature. Recommendation of book Setting Jem Carstairs-Jem has silver hair and eyes, due to the drug he was tortured with before his family was killed. He plays the violin and is very kind, caring, and lovable. The most unique thing in Clockwork Angel is that there are supernatural occurrences such as demons, shape shifters, witches, vampires, and werewolves, etc. I definitely recommend Clockwork Angel by Cassandra Clare. I recommend this book because it uses great figurative language, such as "The machine walked like a man." Also, "There was a boy standing in front of her. He couldn´t have been much older than she was-seventeen or possibly eighteen. He was dressed in what looked like workman´s clothes-a frayed black jacket, trousers, and tough-looking boots. He wore no waistcoat, and thick leather straps crisscrossed his waist and chest. Attached to the straps were weapons-daggers and folding knives and things that looked like blades of ice. In His left hand-slim and long fingered-was bleeding where she had gashed the back of it with her pitcher. But that wasn´t what made her stare. He had the most beautiful face she had ever seen. Tangled black hair and eyes like blue glass. Elegant cheekbones,and long, thick lashes. He looked like every fictional hero she´d ever conjured up in her head. Tessa Gray goes to London to live with her brother. When she arrives Tessa is captured by twin sisters dubbed 'the Dark Sisters'. She was tortured and forced to use her gift of shape shifting for evil until Will Herondale rescues her. He then takes her to the institute, a place for shadowhunters to be cared for. Tessa meets the residents of the institute, Charlotte Branwell, the head of the institute, Henry Branwell, Charlotte's husband and inventor of a many great inventions, Jessamine Lovelace, girly and against all things shadowhunter, Jem Carstairs, a kind but very ill shadowhunter. Presentation Themes Clockwork Angel by Cassandra Clare Most unique thing in the book Presentation by Canaan Hall Clockwork Angel takes place in the institute, and the Dark Sister's home. The institute is an old church with very many rooms for passing visitors. The Dark Sister's house is large but sparsly furnished, in Tessa's room there is a bed with restraints, a mirror, and a nightstand with a few books. The themes for Clockwork angel are; you always need friends that you can trust, don't judge someone by their looks you don't know what they are going through, and even someone you wouldn't expect could be the hero. Cassandra Clare One prominent literary item in the book is personification. Personification is used throughout Clockwork Angel, such as "The machine walked like a man." Another example is, "The door creaked with a noise that sounded like a scream."

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Transcript: Need more placeholders for your content? 7 INTRODUCTION // THIS TEMPLATE SUPPORTS Get this Prezi Template from: NEXT SLIDE 3 IDEA TAKEOFF IDEA NR #3 SYMBOLS VIDEOS MAKE IT HAPPEN 5 "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consisten ectetur adipi esscing sed do eiusmod edgar tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua." "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consisten ectetur adipi esscing sed do eiusmod edgar tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua." // INSERT YOUR OWN CONTENT HERE 6 USE VISUALS "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consisten ectetur adipi esscing sed do eiusmod edgar tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua." Zoom around and insert your ideas // MORE EXAMPLE CONTENT The Ace Return Finance Department TEXT 2 4 NHC 2017 LAND A GREAT JOB IMAGES EXPLAIN MORE http://prezibase.com GENERATE AN IDEA

Free fall template

Transcript: You can add pictures... In order to create affects use Zoom-in, Zoom out, rotation and resizing. All images used under license from Shutterstock.com While using affects, be careful! ...like these birds by rotating the image... You can add Youtube videos... You can add high resolution images as background to your Prezi 3D Background For Example, we can give falling affect... Don't forget to mention where you get your images from!

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Transcript: The adsorption of contaminant molecules by catalysis The improvement of light absorption The improvement of charge separation and transportation ZnS QDs by precipitation method ( Zinc acetate, Sodium sulphide) ( T= 90º, t= 2h) (NaOH was used as a surfactant) (Low crystalyity) ZnS NPs by hydrothermal method ( Zinc chloride, Thioacetamide) (T=140º, t=5h) ZnS microspheres by hydrothermal method (Zinc chloride, Sodium thiosulfate) (T=180º, t=12h) The strongest material ever Optical Properties Synthesis of pure ZnS Secondary, the use of certain organic acids as additives (Formic acid) , in order to inhibit the growth of moulds, bacteria and yeasts. Graphite : narrow peak (2θ = 26.8º)(d=0.33 nm) ZnO nanorod : high intensity peak (002) (2θ = 34.331º) (JCPDS 00-001-1136) ZnS : sphalerite (111), (200), (220), (311) (JCPDS 00-001-0792) Graphite The mechanical and wear-resistance performance of the coating. 1 Morphology PL : The excessive of rGO can act a center for the recombination of electron-hole pairs instead of providing an electron pathway Solar cell device Synthesis of ZnS-based organic (graphene and polypyrrole) composite The intensity of the absorption peak of MB at 663 nm decreases with the increase of irradiation time D(%) = [(A(MB)0 - A(MB)t)/ A(MB)0] × 100 ZG-0 = 0.27% , ZG-1 = 59%, ZG-2 = 68%, ZG-3 = 79%, ZG-4 = 63% UV-vis absorbtion spectra Na2S + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2S (1) ZnO + H2S ZnS + H2O (2) Hummer's method Research Main Points The rule of graphene 300 times stronger than steel and much harder than diamond! Examples for nanomaterial that already used as a reinforcement in the coating XRD Pure ZnS QDs Publications Nanotechnology solutions hexagonal arrangement of carbon in layer stacked to each other One-pot synthesis Multi-step syntheis one-pot synthesis Multi-step synthesis synthesis of Graphene oxide nanosheets. ( Hummer's method) Graphene nanosheets (GNS) - Titanium dioxide composite Graphene Graphene : (2θ = 25.63º) PPy : amorphous (2θ = 26º) ZnS : Sphalerite ( 111), (220), (311) Insertion for a desired properties ZG-0 ( 0% GO), ZG-1 (0.5% GO), ZG-2 (1% GO), ZG-3 (1.5% GO), ZG-4 (2% GO) Synthesis of ZnS-based inorganic (ZnO-ZnS core-shell) composite Absorption XRD Characterization Morphology Synthesis of pure ZnS ZnO-ZnS core-shell nanostructure By Khaled El Sayed Mustafa The morphology of the core-shell structure is a mixture of round and rectangular shape Uv-vis absorption of ZnO-ZnS core-shell Photocatalytic measurement: Mild steel substrate XRD Characterization Improvement of high-surface area of catalysis (BET) Selective adsorption of the aromatic dye on the catalyst ( π electrons ) qe = ( Ci – Ce )V/m GO Intense and sharp peak ( 2θ = 10.6º ) (001) (d=0.83 nm) rGO very broad ( 2θ = 24.31º ) (002) ( d= 0.36 nm) very weak peak ( 2θ = 42.53º ) (100) ( d= 0.21 nm) ZG-0 Zinc blend ( 2θ = 28.609º, 33.153º, 47.591º, 56.473º, 59.227º, 69.583º, 76.894º ) (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0), (3 1 1), (2 2 2), (4 0 0) and (3 3 1) ZG-0 Wurtzite ( 2θ = 27.081 ) Graphene : ideal ohmic ZnS nanoparticles : two fold light response, resistance of 3.23 × 10 23 Ωcm2 ZP : resistance of 2.81 × 10 23 Ωcm2 GZP : 1.35 × 10 23 Ω cm2 Hexagonal ZnO ZnS (111) Experimental XRD Characterization One-pot synthesis of ZnO-ZnS core-shell nanostructure Electrodeposition of rGO by Mg(NO3)2 Electrodeposition of ZnO nanorod arrays (ZnCl2, KOH, 1mM) anealing on the high purify Argon gas Sulfidation process ( thioacetamide) Photocatalytic Silo Corrosion failure The Anticorrosion Effect of Ni- RGO -TiO2 Nanocomposite Coating on Mild Steel in Neutral Environment The ZnS shell with an estimated tickness of 18 nm is observed Cathodic Protection synthesis of graphene nanosheets ( microwave assisted t=5min, 15 micro liter Hydrazine) PPy nanotube ( Pyrrol monomer, Fecl3, Methylene orange as a template) A red shift and increase in absorption edge of the UV-Vis spectra of ZnS were observed in the presence of graphene. The PL emission of ZnS-graphene decreased compared to the pure ZnS due to the presence of graphene the PL emission of the ZnO-ZnS core-shell nanostructure decreased due to the presense of ZnS shell and formation of type-II band alignment structure in the hetero-interface which is beneficial for solar cell devices. The presence of rGO in ZnS-rGO composite gives significant improvement in the degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation compared to pure ZnS, due to the increased adsorption of the dye, decrease in the band gap and stepwise structure of the energy levels in the composite. The presence of graphene and PPy in the GZP turnary composite lead to higher photocurrent response due to the creation of an interfacial separation between the graphene and the PPy by ZnS nanoparticles, which act as a bridge, and due to enhanced charge transport by graphene. ZnS microsphere-rGO composite Corrosion Inhibitors Crystal structure Bridging effect Charge separation Research Assistant Environmental Modifications Pt foil a counter

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Transcript: huddle Mrs. Rossi huddle to crowd together crowd huddle separate

Free fall template

Transcript: Importance of the 3 levels of Govt. It is beneficial for a country to have 3 different levels of government because various different situations and problems can be handled with different levels as each one has its own set of responsibilities and commitments. For example, public transit issues would be handled by the Municipal Government, whereas property and civil rights would fall under the Provincial/Territorial Government, and finally citizenship or insurance would be handled by the Federal Government. Going up every level, the responsibility grows more importance, and with 3 levels of government it is far more easy to organize these responsibilities. General Responsibilities: defense criminal law employment* insurance postal service census* copyrights trade regulation external relations* money and banking transportation* citizenship Indian affairs General Responsibilities: property and civil rights* administration of justice natural resources and the environment* education healthcare* welfare* General Responsibilities: water* sewage* waste collection/management* public transit* land use planning* libraries emergency services* animal control economic development* Caused by: Failure of pumps at Point Lepreau Coolants stopped working because of a power outage caused by a storm which caused malfunctions Lack of maintenance for their back up generators which meant that all systems stopped working Responding to Death Strike The Federal Government would respond by: Employing volunteers to help cleanse the area of nuclear pollutants Ask for assistance with allied countries Assist Municipal governments with transportation issues Execute the Federal Nuclear Emergency Plan (FNEP) Dealing with water leakage issues Municipal Government Reaction The Municipal Government would respond by: closing up their sewage areas to keep radioactive water from entering Doing an emergency evacuation either in the city or even out of it Transporting people out during evacuations Assisting in traffic control emergency shelters Federal Government Reaction The meltdown from the reactor released huge amounts of radiation within the proximity, killing people with these rays. In addition to this, radioactive material was released into the water not only affecting many of the waters from the tsunami in Japan but also it entered the pacific ocean. That harmed the wildlife but also would travel east to the United States and Canada In the case of our disaster, we wouldn’t really be facing a tsunami, but a defective cooling pump that is backing up causing unnecessary harm to the nuclear plant and other damage. Provincial/Territorial Government The Provincial/Territorial Government would respond by: They would help in major scale evacuations. For instance, they may order evacuations provincial wide and get all the southern areas in NB to areas like the northern part of the province Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec or even the United States They would aid in traffic control for major roads to make sure the people or buses are evacuating properly They may also need to be there to provide larger shelters They might need to cut schooling during this predicament. Along with the federal government, surrounding provinces may need to bring their environmental policies to their citizens to make sure certain ares wouldn't go outside at the time In addition to the shelters, they might have to provide rations and help the ones who were evacuated with gathering for Health Units along with the Federal government. The Levels of Government Nuclear Breakdown Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Blast Radius Provincial/Territorial Government Reaction Relief Plan: The aspects of administration involved and required for the relief plan would obviously consist of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as stated before to help with dealing with the nuclear waste radiating from the leakage. Also, because of the fact that this is Canada's first ever nuclear disaster, aid and support from allied countries such as Japan would be extremely beneficial as they would provide updated instructions and coordinations from their previous encounters with nuclear disasters. (Fukushima) What are the levels of government? Federal Government INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY Death Strike; What caused it? Chernobyl Blast Radius Municipal Government Area of Pointe Lepreau and Possible Evacuation Areas Death Strike Havoc Report Sites in and around Point Lepreau that have a potential risk of being exposed to radiation

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Transcript: Nobody knows babies like we do! Quality products . Good Customer service. Every Kid really loves this store.. BABYLOU ABOUT US About Us BabyLou was established in 2004. It has been more than a decade since we started, where we have ensured to take care of every need and want of every child and infant under one roof, true to the caption “NO BODY KNOWS BABIES LIKE WE DO”. Our benchmark is to provide 100% customer service and satisfaction and continue to deliver the same with a wide range of toys, garments and Baby Products. Play and Create We Are Best 01 02 03 Block games Building Blocks help Kids to use their brain. PLAY TO LEARN in Crusing Adventures Our Discoveries Enjoy a sunny vacation aboard a luxury yacht with the LEGO® Creator 3in1 31083 Cruising Adventures set. This ship has all the comforts you need, including a well-equipped cabin and a toilet. Sail away to a sunny bay and take the cool water scooter to the beach. Build a sandcastle, enjoy a picnic, go surfing or check out the cute sea creatures before you head back to the yacht for a spot of fishing. Escape into the mountains Disney Little Princes in Also available for your Babies..... Also... Out of The World… Our reponsibility BABYLOU…. Our Responsibility All children have the right to fun, creative and engaging play experiences. Play is essential because when children play, they learn. As a provider of play experiences, we must ensure that our behaviour and actions are responsible towards all children and towards our stakeholders, society and the environment. We are committed to continue earning the trust our stakeholders place in us, and we are always inspired by children to be the best we can be. Innovate for children We aim to inspire children through our unique playful learning experiences and to play an active role in making a global difference on product safety while being dedicated promoters of responsibility towards children.

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