Chemical Reactions
Transcript: Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is a scientific process in which a substance changes from one chemical substance to another. - Rearranges the molecular structure of the substance. - Occur when bonds between molecules are either broken or created. Equilibrium is a state of balance where there are two conflicting forces that cancel each other out. There are two types of equilibrium- static equilibrium and motion equilibrium. - Static equilibrium: the objects do not move - Motion equilibrium: the objects are continually moving with a constant speed and force. Reaction rates, acids and bases, and equillibrium are all key topics when studying chemical reactions because they play large roles in the outcome of the reaction. Thanks for watching! Equilibrium Acids and bases are measured on a scale called the pH scale. - pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. -A base will fall over 7 on the pH scale, - An acid will fall below 7. - Exactly 7 is neutral. -Logarithmic (each pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next value). - A5 on the pH scale will be ten times more acidic than a 6, and a 4 will be ten times more acidic than the five, and so on. Acids generally tastes sour, and bases usually taste bitter. Some common acids are lemon juice, soap, soda, and vinegar. Some examples of bases are baking soda, ammonia, and blood. Acids & Bases What Are Chemical Reactions? Conclusion Reaction rates are the rate of speed at which a chemical reaction occurs. - Temperature, concentration, catalysts, and the size of particles. - An increase in temperature will cause an increase in reaction rates - A decrease in temperature will cause a decrease in reaction rates. - A higher concentration of particles will also speed up the reaction rates. - Add a catalyst to speed up reaction. - Size of particles - Smaller particles= more surface area available for reaction Reaction Rates