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Chemical Bonding

Transcript: Chemical Bonding By: Deja Marshall Such bonds lead to stable molecules if they share electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas configuration for each atom. Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds Polar Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds Metallic Bonds The properties of metals suggest that their atoms possess strong bonds, yet the ease of conduction of heat and electricity suggest that electrons can move freely in all directions in a metal. Covalent bonds in which the sharing of the electron pair is unequal,with the electrons spending more time around the more nonmetallic atom, are called polar covalent bonds. Metallic Bonds The End ... In such a bond there is a charge separation with one atom being slightly more positive and the other more negative, i.e., the bond will produce a dipole moment. The ability of an atom to attract electrons in the presense of another atom is a measurable property called electronegativity. Example of Metallic Bonds Types of Chemical Bonding Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms, in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms ... a chemical bond. Define It ! Thank You ! In chemical bonds, atoms can either transfer or share their valence electrons. In the extreme case where one or more atoms lose electrons and other atoms gain them in order to produce a noble gas electron configuration, the bond is called an ionic bond. Ionic Bonds Polar Covalent Bonds Better Understanding... The general observations give rise to a picture of "positive ions in a sea of electrons" to describe metallic bonding.

Chemical Bonding

Transcript: Chemical Bonding It is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances 3 types of bonds Ionic Metalic Covalent Ionic bonding FORMATION OF IONIC BONDS It begins with the cation, which releases some electrons while the anion recieves them. This allows them to attain a stable electronic configuration Physical Properties High melting point High boiling point In it's solid state, it takes a lattice structure Conducts electricity when it is melted When the cation with its low ionization energy releases some of its electrons, stable electronic configuration occurs Electrons are shared, when one pair of electrons is shared, a single bond is formed. Single Bond - atoms achieving stable structure by sharing one unpaired electron Double Bond - atoms achieving stable structures by sharing two unpaired electron Triple Bond - atoms achieving stable structure, by sharing three unpaired stable Sigma bond – the strongest type of covalent chemical bond formed by head-on overlapping between atomic orbitals Pi Bond – covalent chemical bonds where two lobes of one involved atomic orbital overlap two lobes of the other involved atomic orbital Short bond lengths require high dissociation energies to break the bond. Metallic Bonds When metals bond together to complete the octet rule. When metals bond, a lattice of positive energy is formed with a "sea" of floating electrons moving in between - Very strong bond between nuclei Alloy substance made by melting two or more elements together, one must be a metal. It crystallizes upon cooling into a solid solution, mixture, or intermetallic compound. Chemical bonds : Metallic bonds are weak and little energy is needed to break the bonds . "Covalent Bond.avi - YouTube." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 25 Jan. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1e-f1W-0UA>. "Ionic Bond." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bond>. "Ionic Bond.mov - YouTube." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 25 Jan. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lODqdhxDtHM>. COVALENT BONDS They want to have a fully balanced shell of 8 valence electrons By: Josue and Danny Works Cited "Chemical Bond." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond>. "Chemistry Music Video 16: What Kind Of Bonds Are These? - YouTube." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. 29 Aug. 2009. Web. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNBzyM6TcK8>. "Metallic Bond." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 25 Jan. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_bond>.

Chemical Bonding

Transcript: Bonds are formed in order to... -Decrease potential energy (PE) -INCREASE STABILITY The stronger the intermolecular force, (such as hydrogen bonding or dipole-dipole), the harder it is to change phases. For example, a molecule with its main IMF of dipole-dipole will have a higher boiling/melting point than a molecule with its main IMF being van der waals. This is because dipole-dipole is a stronger IMF than van der waals. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond Hydrogen Bonding http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/160Aintermolec.html Ionic http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bonding/metallic.html By Emily, Anna & Laura Any metal, such as Copper or Sodium, would have metallic bonds. Bond Types Citations Still Need More Clarification? CH4 is an example of a covalent bond, because in order for the bond to be stable, it has to share it's electrons with each other. Also, they are both nonmetals. 1. Ionic: These are the attractions between different ions. 2. Van der Waals: This is the distortion of electron density. Every molecule has this. 3. Dipole-Dipole: The attraction between two permanent dipoles. These have to be between polar molecules. 4. Hydrogen Bonding: The attraction between molecules with N-H, O-H, or F-H bonds. Comparison of All Three Bond Types Pictures Covalent Bonds There are three bond types thus far in our studies: 1. Ionic Bonds: These bonds transfer electrons between a nonmetal and a metal. 2. Covalent Bonds: These bonds share electrons between a nonmetal and a nonmetal. 3. Metallic Bonds: This bond has a "sea of electrons", where the electrons float around between a metal and a metal. Dipole Dipole Types of Intermolecular Forces A chemical bond is a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valance electrons of different atoms. This attraction binds the atoms together. Covalent 1. Ionic 2. Hydrogen Bonding 3. Dipole-Dipole 4. Van der Waals How do these relate to other material? Metallic Metallic Bonds An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds form between nonmetals and metals; they are also the strongest bond of all of them. Ionic bonds occur when an element releases some of its electrons to achieve stability. Then an element that needs to gain electrons to gain stability accepts them. Ionic compounds are in solid form from the lattic structure. Ionic compounds when molten or dissolved can conduct electricity however when solid it does not. There are some ionic comounds that do actaully conduct electrcity when solid. Rank the IMF's! -The attractive force between atoms or ions that binds them together as a unit The more valence electrons there are, the weaker the IMF's will be. Metals have the strongest intermolecular force because they have the least amount of valence electrons, and because they're solids. Solids have the highest boiling and melting points, which also contributes to the strength of an intermolecular force. So, the less valence electrons there are, and if they are solids, then those will be the strongest IMFs-which is ionic. Bond Diagrams http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Dipole-dipole-interaction-in-HCl-2D.png Van der Waals Davis, Raymond E. Modern Chemistry. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2002. Print. Ionic This is the order from strongest to weakest: A Further Look Upon Chemical Bonding Ionic Bonds What is Chemical Bonding? A covalent bond is a chemical bond in which atoms share their electrons. The sharing of electrons allows atoms to achieve a full outer shell allowing them to become stable; also known as the octet valance. Covalent bonds come in different states; they can be solid, gas, and liquid. Covalent bonds don't usually have electrical conductivity. There are polar covalent and non-polar covalent bonds. In polar covalent bonds, electrons are shared by the atoms with an unequal electron association creating a partial negative charge. Non polar covalent are bonds in which electrons are shared equally etween two atoms but there is no charge seperation. Here are some examples of compounds representing the three bond types! Relationship Between Strength and Phase Changes http://www.planet-schule.de/index.php?id=10596 http://www.m2c3.com/c101/chemistry_in_contextx/ch5/H_bond/intermolecular_forces.htm IMF Diagrams http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/chemical/bond.html NaCl is an example of an ionic bond because Na is a metal, and Cl is a nonmetal. Also, In order for Cl to be stable, it needs one more electron, which Na has. So they would transfer the electron from Na to Cl. What is its purpose? A metallic bond is a bond in which electrons are shared over many nuclei and electronic solutions occurs. It is a bonding where all the positively charged nuclei are pulling and tugging on all of the free electrons as those electrons move about. Metallic bonds are ductile. This bond occurs only between metals. All the atoms lose their valence electrons. Metallic compounds are good

CHEMICAL BONDING

Transcript: LOOK AT MY PREZI!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Chemical Bonding By: Tarrence Harmon WHAT IS A CHEMICAL BOND??? Chemical bonding is when two atoms come together to form a chemical substance, because they are instability and they want to be stable like Nobel Gasses. Ionic bonds form when a metal cation come together/ bond with a nonmetal. @ room temp. – solid Boiling point and melting point are high Solubility in water – high Covalent Bonds each atom only contributes one electron to the shared pair they effectively increase the number of electrons in their outer shell by 1 for every bond made. nonmetals try to gain electrons until they fullfill the octet rule and be like Nobel Gases. as bond length decreases, bond dissociation energy increases. Metallic Bond metal bonds create a super strong bond between all of the nuclei and electrons. a lot of energy/heat is needed to break the bond; therefore they have high melting points. an alloy is a solution of metals combined with one or more non-metals. one metal (solid) dissolves in another metal (solid). An alloy retains the properties common to metal, but is not pure metal. THANK YOU IONIC BONDS

Chemical Bonding

Transcript: Chemical Bonding A chemical bond is an act where atoms combine to form molecules. Three Main Types of Bonds Ionic Covalent Metallic Ionic bonds are formed between two oppositely charged ions. Metallic ions tend to lose electrons & nonmetals end to gain them. Covalent Bonds form when there is a very small difference in electronegativity. They often form between similar atoms. Metallic bonds are covalent bonds between atoms in metals, in which the valence electrons are free to move through the crystal

Chemical Bonding

Transcript: If an atom has 1-3 valence electrons, it will lose those electrons to be like a noble gas. Either way, all atoms gain or lose electrons to match a noble gas. 1 valence electron electron is transferred What kind of compound do I have...ionic or covalent? (noble gas) The kind of compound you have depends on the kinds of atoms you have. And really, it depends on the number of valence (outer) electrons the atoms have. Situation 1: one atom needs to lose an electron, while the other atom needs to gain an electron. 1. This works out well for both parties. Chlorine attracts the electron that sodium loses. 2. Both atoms now have a charge: Na+ and Cl-. They are now called ions. 3. +/- ions attract, making an ionic bond. If an atom has 5-7 valence electrons, it will gain electrons to be like a noble gas. attraction between the +/- ions 2 valence electrons Different groups of elements have different numbers of valence electrons (between 1-8). But, you see, every element has a goal: to have valence electrons that match a noble gas. Situation 2: both atoms need to gain electrons. The problem is that both atoms need electrons, while neither atom can give their own electrons away to the other atom. The atoms are in a tug-of-war over electrons. To a passerby it looks like they are sharing electrons, so this type of bond is called covalent, meaning bonding 'with outer electrons'. 8 valence electrons So, you have two atoms. If they both need to gain electrons, they bond one way. If one needs to gain electrons and the other needs to lose electrons, they bond a different way.

Chemical bonding

Transcript: Chemical Bonding Chemical bonding is necessary among atoms so they can fulfill the octet rule by having 8 valence electrons, so they can obtain and maintain stable bonds. Three types of Chemical Bonds Ionic Bonds A solid consisting of ionic bonds is made up cations and anions which are held togehter by electrostatic forces, so in conclusion ionic bonding refers to the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. ---- Physical properties of ionic bound compounds : high melting and boiling points, ionic solids do not conduct electricity, but when in molten liquid form, they can conduct electricity, or when they are dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution, and they are hard and brittle. Covalent Bonds Sigma bond vs Pi bond A sigma bond is one single bond while the pi bond is formed when elements "orbit" around one another. Metallic Bonds Conclusion In conclusion, there are 3 types of bonds: ionic, covalent, and metallic. In each of these bonds, compunds, being either solid, liquid, or gas have to fulfill the octet rule. In each of these bonds, the octet rule is fulfilled, whether it be sharing electrons by grouping them with another atom, or giving one or taking one from a different atom. whatever it may be, in each of these bonds the octet rule will be fulfilled. A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms. The chemical bonding that holds the atoms of a metal together. Metallic bonds are formed from the attraction between mobile electrons and fixed, positively charged metallic atoms. Whereas most chemical bonds are localized between specific neighboring atoms, metallic bonds extend over the entire molecular structure. Metallic bonds are also the strongest bonds, and the electrons move freely throughout the sea of electrons. From metallic bonds, alloys can be formed. alloys are a metal made by combining 2 or more metallic elements, especially to give greater strenght and resistance to corrosion. By: Bryan Maynard In covalent bonds, there can be formations of single, double. and triple covalent bonds. single: meaning 2 electrons were shared, double: meaning 4 electrons shared, and triple: meaning 6 electrons being shared. Bond lenght and dissociation energy The shorter the bond, the more dissociation energy there is... Two atoms of an element can share eacothers electrons by combining in a covalent bond and pairing their electrons to fulfill the octet rule.

Chemical Bonding

Transcript: Chemical Bonds ? A Chemical Bond is an attraction between atoms thtat allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. Cause an atom is alwys looking for the most stable configuration for its e3lectron. Type of chemical bond formed through on electroslatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Three Physical properties Melting/Boiling point - the greater the charge, the greater the eletroslatioc attraction, the stronger the bond, the higher the melting point. Also the size of the ion affects the Melting/Boiling Point Brittle - When stress is appplied to the ionic lattice the layers shift slightly. Conduct Electricitty - ionic liquids & Aqueous Solutions are good conducts of electricity. Covalent Bonds When atoms bond covalently they count a share in the pair of elections in the covalent bond as two electrons in their outer shell A single covalent bond is when 2 electrons are shared between atoms. A double bond is when 4 electrons are shared & triple is when 6 eletrons are shared. A sigma bond is the end to end overlaping of the bonding orbitals, usally hybrid orbitals. The sigma bond is a single bond. A Pi bond is the side - to -side overlap of unhybridized p - Orbitals. As bond length decreases, Bond dissociation energy increases. Metallic Bonds Metallic bonds are formed when atoms of metal groups together Form a crystal. The atoms in the crystal lattice attract other with a force known as metalolic bonds. When they bound, a lattice of positive nuclei is formed with a sea of floating elecctrons moving in between the nuclie, This creats a very strong bond between all of the nuclei and electrons of the alloy, Because of this strength, a lot of energy(heat) is needed to break the bond, there for they have high melting points. A homogeneous mixture or solid solution of two or more metals, the atom of one replacing or occupying interstitial positions between the atoms of the others. By Cameron & Cristian Ionic Bonds Chemical Bonding

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