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Cell Division

Transcript: Cell Division And That Is Cell Division! Interphase Nucleolus Telophase: Roughly the reverse of prophase. The cell elongation that started in anaphase continues. Daughter nuclei appear at the two poles of the cell as nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes. Meanwhile, the chromatin fiber of each chromosome uncoils, and nucleoli reappear. At the end of telophase, the mitotic spindle disappears. Mitosis is now finished. Cytokinesis: Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, usually occurs along with telophase, with two daughter cells completely separating after the end of mitosis. In animal cells, cytokinese involves a cleavage furrow, which pinches the cells in two. Nuclear Envelope Prophase Metaphase centrosome cleavage furrow By: Sara Ellis & Sara Buffington During prophase, changes occur in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In the nucleus the chromatin fibers become more tightly coiled and folded. The nucleoli disappear and each duplicated chromosome appears as two identical sister chromatids joined together. Anaphase This begins when the two centromeres of each chromosome come apart, separating the sister chromatids. Once apart each sister chromatid is considered a full-fledged (daughter) chromosome. Motor proteins 'walk' the daughter chromosomes along the microtubules toward opposite poles of the cell. The poles are moved farther apart, elongating the cell. Aanaphase is over when equivalent- and complete- collections of chromosomes have reached the two poles of the cell. spindle microtubules centromere Plasma Membrane In metaphase, the mitotic spindle is fully formed with its poles at opposite ends of the cell. The chromosomes convene on the metaphase plate. The microtubules attach to a particular chromatid. centrosomes Telophase and Cytokinesis early mitotic spindle This is the period of cell growth when the cell synthesizes new molecules and organelles. The cell looks much the same as it does through interphase. By the G2 phase the cell has doubled much of its earlier contents and the cytoplasm contains two centrosomes. Chromosomes are duplicated but are still in the form of loosely packed chromatin. nucleolus forming nuclear envelope forming daughter chromosomes meataphase plate chromosome (containing of two sister chromatids) Chromatin

Cell division

Transcript: Interphase is an active period in the life of a cell during which many metabolic reactions occur such as protein synthesis, DNA replication and an increase in the number of mitochondria and/or chloroplast. Interphase: DNA duplicates and cell increases in size G1- cell increases size S- DNA duplicates G2-chromosomes start to coil up marks the end of the interphase cycle Prophase- nuclear membrane breaks down, chromosomes coil up Metaphase -chromatids move to the equator and the spindle microtubules from each pole attach to each centromere on opposite sides. Anaphase- the spindle microtubules pull the sister chromatids apart splitting the centromeres. This splits the sister chromatids into chromosomes. Each identical chromosome is pulled to opposite poles. Telophase -the spindle microtubules break down and the chromosomes uncoil and so are no longer individually visible. The cell goes through prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase which as described in the cycle, separate sister chromatids this means that each pole has the same chromosomes (same genetic material). Therefore, during telophase the chromosomes uncoil and the nuclear membrane reforms. The cell then divides into two daughter cells with genetically identical nuclei. CELL DIVISION Tumors are formed when cell division goes wrong and is no longer controlled. This can happen in any organ or tissue Nucleus Growth, embryonic development, tissue repair and asexual reproduction involve mitosis. Cytokinesis - form two daughter cells

Cell Division

Transcript: Instead of stopping after dividing in two, the cells keep dividing until they have half of the original amount of chromosomes. 3 CELL DIVISION 6 1 Then the daughter cells will only have 23. Each cell goes through the process of cell division. This can be done through either... Steps 2-5 are Mitosis, but Meiosis takes a different path. By: Michael Sim OR Anaphase- The centromeres and chromatids seperate while each chromatid becomes a new chromosome. The chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and it cell stretches apart as the ends are stretched. Cells, they are so small that they are practically this size. Prophase - The chromatin become chromosomes and the centriole pairs go to the other side of the nucleus. Spindle fibers connect the two ends of the cell and the nuclear envelope breaks down. is just the basics. This though...... Cytokinesis - The cell then splits in two and each one of the cells recieve identical chromosomes and half the original organelles. Interphase - The cell grows enough to be considered mature and copies both its DNA and centrioles as it prepares to divide. 4 Either way, they can both be referenced through the cell cycle. MITOSIS - The process by which new cells are generated. The major difference between the two though Meiosis is used in the process of sexual reproduction. This is the Cell Cycle For example, if the parent cells started out with 46 chromosomes... The process used during the formation of sex cells by which the number of chromosomes is reduced to half 2 MEIOSIS - Is the way they are used. 5 Telophase - The chromosome begin stretching out and a new nuclear envelope forms around the regions. The DNA then is seperated from the cytoplasm be a membrane. Meiosis is in the process of usual cell division while, Metaphase - The chromosome line up across the cell's center and each connects to a spindle fiber at its centromere.

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