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Calculator

Transcript: CALCULATORS! Carly Lundgren Grade:8 Classs: 9 You can use calculators in many different ways! you can add, mulpitly, subtract and divide things you can figure out fractions you can fing decimals you can solve equations you can solve problems with negitives Fun facts The first electronic desk-top calculator was made in 1961 The first pocket calculator costed 100.00 Then Gottfried Leibnitz inproved Pascals idea with a machine that would add, subtract, multiply, and divide. The first calculator used a wired stylis In 1969 the first battery powered, hand-held calcul- ator was made. Calculators can cost any where from $1.00- $100.00! This is a basic calculator. Predict the future! Peolpe in the future could use a calculator to calculate how much their hovercrast is worth. They could also add, sutract, multiply, and divide. They can type in a equation a get the answer right away. They can do any problem without it saying ERROR. They can type in story problems and it will read it and solve it. There are a lot of different types of calculators. The most common are scientific calculators and basic calculators This is a calculator guy. This is a scientific calculator Results the first calculator was made in aceint times. The first calculator was the abacus Blaise Pascal invented the first calculator he invented it to help his dad who was a tax adjuster Almost anybody that can read numbers probably uses a calculator... Their are many different companies that make many different kinds of calculators. This calculator can print the things you calculate, so you don't have to write them down. This is an abucus. It was the first kind of calculator. (cc) photo by Metro Centric on Flickr Budapest San Francisco Stockholm (cc) photo by jimmyharris on Flickr (cc) photo by Franco Folini on Flickr (cc) photo by Metro Centric on Flickr

Calculator

Transcript: Batteries are made from carbon to create the anode and lithium metal oxides to create the cathode. Various other metals such as copper and aluminum are used, which are mined through processes like open pit mining. Plastics are commonly made from crude oil, which undergoes various polymerization reactions. Displays for calculators are commonly made from silicon dioxide, or silica. Disposal The resulting plastic is molded through injection molding, compression molding, and other processes. Disposal http://www.simsrecycling.com/Business/Material-Recovery/Circuit-Board-Recycling http://lcp.elis.ugent.be/tutorials/lc/lc3 http://www.industry.siemens.com/topics/global/en/battery-manufacturing/process/pages/default.aspx Since plastic takes such a long time to decay, certain plastic products can be in use for many years. Part Manufacturing Material extraction Material processing Display The casing is made from copper and aluminum, after the electrode material is mixed, the electrolyte (commonly lithium-ion) filling is put in place, and it is coated in copper and aluminum again. Crude oil is first collected from underground deposits. Then at the refinery , several units are responsible for refining crude oil into plastics (crude oil distillation unit, vacuum distillation unit, nephtha hydrotreater unit, etc). Recycling The displays are used to protect the Light Emitting Diodes within the calculator. The glass is able to be recycled into new products. The discarded glass can be mixed with sand and other materials to make new glass. Calculator Bibliography: Battery Silicon is mined form the earth in the form of silicon ore (Ferrosilicon).Mined silicon is purified to "electronic grade" silicon by the FFC Cambridge process. Material Processing Similar to the material processing step, sorted silicon undergoes imaging, deposition, and etching steps after being melted down. Many components of batteries are recycled, including the battery acid, lead, and other metals that compose the casing. The battery acid must first be neutralized in order for it to be recycled. Batteries are used in electronics products. http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/physics/integrated_circuit/history/ Silicon Dioxide is mined from the Earth's crust, often in the form of quartz. Starting with the glass plate, layers of liquid crystals are put in to eventually create the liquid crystal display. Disposal Semi-conductors are the backbone of the electronics industry. This creates significant incentives to recycle this product. Used semi-conductors are smelted back into electronic grade silicon by the FFC Cambridge process. Most integrated circuits, including ones used in calculators, are composed of silicon. Use Part Manufacturing Raw Material After sorting, thermal depolymerization processes are commonly used to recycle plastic. The plastic is melted down to be molded into new products. Use Use After electrode material is mixed, it is coated in copper and aluminum. Then the solvents are dried off. Silicon Material processing Part Manufacturing Use Plastic

Calculator

Transcript: 1623 Unfortunately, calculators haven't really changed in the last 20 years (other than ergonomics, better components, etc. but nothing major) and they probably won't change that much anymore. Most people just use a normal computer for calculations - a dedicated "calculator device" is no longer a necessity. The abacist uses the beads to count - add beads when adding numbers, subtract beads when subtracting numbers. Ancient Times 1961 The Abacus is still in use today. (that's it) 1948 *this timeline not drawn to scale It functions the same way as today's calculators - type in numbers, pick from four functions, type in numbers, then view results. Calculators are still in use by schools for testing. The Curta The world's first calculating clock was actually created in 1960 - more than 300 years after the idea. How has it changed through the times? It could only perform the four basic arithmetic functions, but it was the fastest calculator to date. The Curta utilized a stepped drum - as the drum rotates, it only trips the gear sometimes 1972 Sharp QT-8B by Nick Oyasu and Naman Agarwal The QT-8B's six C-sized nickel cadmium batteries were charged by an external wall adapter. The History of the Calculator Thanks for watching! The slide rule, while still used, has not been as popular ever since 1974, when the digital calculator became more effective. After the PC-1211, computing power continued to decrease in size and increase in power. Its cost in 1971 was about $495, equivalent to $2,855.06 in today's money. The calculator has been an important part of society - ever since society has existed. It was considered the cheapest electronic calculator at the time - it was sold for about $1100. Innovations The Calculating Clock The HP-35 was the first handheld scientific calculator. by Nick Oyasu and Naman Agarwal For other types of calculations, some slide rules come with a vast array of other scales - making it useful for just about anything! 1620 It can add and subtract six digit numbers, as well as multiply and divide - it was also the most accurate calculator at the time. The world's first electronic desktop calculator, the Anita was the predecessor to the modern calculator. Curt Herzstark drew up plans while in a Nazi concentration camp, Buchenwald. It was made primarily of stainless steel. 1980 But what about the future? It's been improved upon in order to make it easier, more powerful, and overall a more useful tool for humans. The (Actual) History of the Calculator Its origin is unclear - civilizations as early as Sumer had working versions of the abacus, but all were made of different materials and were differently styled. Anita Mk. 8 Concluding Notes The Abacus Sharp PC-1211 Sharp developed the first battery powered handheld calculator. It's basically the same as the Sharp QT-8D, however, it uses a rechargeable battery pack - a major innovation. Skillful abacists can be almost as fast as calculators. This led to calculators becoming virtually obsolete - computers can perform any function a calculator can, at the same size as well. (Period 7) Hewlett Packard HP-35 The PC-1211 technically isn't a calculator - it's a pocket computer. In today's money, it would've cost $8,593.83. Users line up the numbers they wish to multiply or divide on the natural scales and the answer is shown on the logarithmic scale. How has it changed through the times? The slide rule is comprised of three scales which slide - two linear scales and one logarithmic scale. The Slide Rule "BUT WAIT! What will calculators become? The Sharp QT-8D was introduced in 1969. Calculators aren't obsolete! I use them in school!" William Schickard invented his calculating machine in 1623, but the only model he made had been destroyed in a fire. "A New Inspiration To Arithmetic" was designed by the Bell Punch Company in Britain. 1970 It was developed by William Oughtred in 1620 by incribing logarithms on wood and ivory. It was the first calculator that made the slide rule - invented in 1620 - obsolete. It was extremely popular with sports car rally contestants for its accuracy and portability when calculating checkpoints and other racing-related calculations. The HP-35 marked the beginning of rapid development of electronic calculators and reduction in price. But what do you think? Invention People use the slides to display their numbers and then use the crank to perform their math. Also known as a counting frame, the abacus helps traders perform simple mathematical operations. The Curta was the world's best portable calculator for about 30 years. Modern engineers have been able to construct a working version of the clock, however. It could perform trancendental functions such as trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions.

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