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Transcript: Wisdom does not flow like water Plato’s Critique of Pederasty Pederasty Background Symposium Pederasty My Project Pausanias' Speech Pausanias' Speech Two Aphrodites Uranian Heavenly Pandemos Common Text Text Pictures Pictures "Here, Socrates, lie down alongside me, so that by my touching you, I too may enjoy the piece of wisdom that just occurred to you while you were in the porch. It is plain that you found it and have it, for otherwise you would not have come away beforehand." Agathon and Socrates “It would be a good thing, Agathon, if wisdom were the sort of thing that flows from the fuller of us into the emptier, just by our touching one another, as the water in wine cups flows through a wool thread from the fuller to the emptier. For if wisdom too is like that, then I set a high price on my being placed alongside you, for I believe I shall be filled from you with much fair wisdom. My own may turn out to be a sorry sort of wisdom, or disputable like a dream; but your own is brilliant and capable of much development, since it has flashed out so intensely from you while you are young; and yesterday it became conspicuous among more than thirty thousand Greek witnesses." "You are outrageous, Socrates," Agathon said. "A little later you and I will go to court about our wisdom, with Dionysus as judge, but now first attend to dinner." how water flows Principle at play When they do engage in a contest about love Timeline YEAR Alcibiades' Speech Socrates, he claims, is like “those silenuses that sit in the shops of herm sculptors, the ones that craftsman make holding reed pipes or flutes; and if they are split in two and opened up they show they have images of gods within.” (215b) Alcibiades' Speech You, in my opinion,' I said, 'have proved to be the only deserving lover of mine; and it seems to me that you hesitate to mention it to me. Now I am in this state: I believe it is very foolish not to gratify you in this or anything else of mine—my wealth or my friends—that you need; for nothing is more important to d me than that I become the best possible; and I believe that, as far as I am concerned, there is no one more competent than you to be a fellow helper to me in this. So I should be far more ashamed before men of good sense for not gratifying a man like you than I should be before the many and senseless for gratifying you.' Seduction Scene 'Really, my dear Alcibiades, you're no sucker if what you say about me is really true and there is some power in me e through which you could become better. You must see, you know, an impossible beauty in me, a beauty very different from the fairness of form in yourself. So if, in observing my beauty, you are trying to get a share in it and to exchange beauty for beauty, you are intending to get far the better deal. For you are trying to acquire the truth of beautiful things in exchange for the seeming and opinion of beautiful things; and you really have in mind to exchange "gold for bronze." But blessed one do consider better: Without your being aware of it—I may be nothing. Thought, you know, begins to have keen eyesight when the sight of the eyes starts to decline from its peak; and you are still far from that.' Conclusion conclusion If Socrates were to have sex with Alcibiades, he would perpetuate: 1) the idea that people can make each other wise. impact: prevent Alcibiades from realizing his ignorance about wisdom 2) Alcibiades belief that his physical attractiveness is the most important thing about him impact: the belief could harm Alcibiades as he begins to decline from his physical peak, when “Thought begins to have keen eyesight.” (219a) 3) Socrates would be no better than the sophists who cannot acknowledge the ways in which they are ignorant, and thus, risk self-deception. Advantages Advantages to my account: -Fits with the well-known picture of a Socrates who: 1) proclaims his own ignorance. 2) critiques the Sophists for i. both not acknowledging what they do not know ii. exchanging money for wisdom -Makes explicit the way Plato critiques the customs of his time -Throws into question a vision of Socrates as someone who consistently denies bodily urges -Makes clear that the container model is supposed to function in opposition to the image of pregnancy and birth. Accounts of “Plato’s Appropriation of Reproduction” run these two images together.

Acquisition Presentation

Transcript: Berko and Brown (1960) Concerned with how production lags behind comprehension during language acquisition. Because we are using vulnerable participants, we will undergo the following procedures to ensure our participants are at ease and comfortable to take part. >>5 words will include a word-initial /r/ and 5 a word-medial /r/ What We Aim to Discover C: Child ; E: Investigator [Taken from Video Transcript 04] Studied approximant production and perception in both normal and articulation-delayed preschool children (3;0 years) focusing on contrasts of /w/ and /r/, /w/ and /l/ and /r/. aims of our project Performance of task may not be dependent on their competence or performance but child-like level of attention. 30% of these will not include an /r/ phoneme (ie. 6) 70% of these will include an /r/phoneme (ie. 14) Completion of parental consent forms Stage Two He produced a study which looked at a 4;4 year old boy with language delay and found gliding was common. We will analyse children who produce a glide and children who don't separately, as well as determining whether the positioning of phoneme /r/ makes a difference to the comprehension and production tasks. This is Rudiger. He is from the Arctic, but he doesn't like the cold so he is moving to Australia! There is a problem though, he doesn't know how to get there.. Can you help him learn English so he can ask for directions? Collecting the Data : Figures Participant Specific Limitations The most common error patterns were liquid derivations in words such as ‘red.’ Perception was tested through a choice identification task - picking pictures which matched a given word. Children were encouraged to produce approximants in word initial, medial and final positions. The normal children were highly accurate whereas the delayed scored lower. Those who struggled with perception also struggled with pronunciation. Overall, errors on the /r/-/l/ phonemes were greater than the others and the difference between /w/-/r/ errors and the control /w/-/b/ were not significant. Six graphs will be produced in total. In consideration of the previous literature, we expect to find the following results in our experiment: Jakobson (1968) gives the example of Irksutsk (1921), whereby a male infant adopted /j/ in place of a liquid after assuming the manner of articulation from his sister and overgeneralising it throughout his whole vocabulary. Sample Specific Limitations Children that make production errors are more likely to make comprehension errors. “…children with SLI [Speech language Impediment] seem to be more likely than younger, normally developing children to show large variability, even when the phonetic contexts of the words and the children’s own consonant inventories provide no rationale for it. This is also seen in controlled studies in which new words (that do or do not conform to the children’s existing phonological patterns) are introduced to the children.” Leonard, L. (1998) Children with specific language impairment. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Methodology Analysis Analysing the Data The attention span of children between 5;0 and 7;0 is variable. The chosen words the children will 'teach' will be prompted by picture cue-cards. The words covered will include an /r/ sound within both word-medial and word-initial positions. eg. '/r/ed' and 'bed/r/oom'. Also include words not featuring an /r/ sound. Bowen, C. (1998) Developmental phonological disorders. A practical guide for families and teachers. Melbourne: Acer Press Literature Review Preisser, D. A. ; Hodson, B. W. & Paden, E. P. (1988) Developmental Phonology: 18-29 months. In: Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 53, pp.125-130 Kilminster and Laird (1978) suggested that the ‘voiced liquid /r/ in red’ was accurately realised by at least 75% of 5;0 children. The Fis Phenomenon 33.3% of these words will not include an /r/ phoneme (ie. 5) 66.6% of these will include an /r/ phoneme (ie. 10) Analysing the Data Children will be able to distinguish that gliding is a phonological error rather than a dialectal feature (such as l-vocalisation). We will ensure participants feel at ease by giving them the option to back out or have a break if they wish to do so Parents and children (where possible) will be informed of what the study entails and what the data will be used for Methodology The results of all participants will be averaged within age groups and represented in graphs. Children who produce glides in stage one will also be considered separately to those who don't, in stage two. The children in the sample all attend a primary school local to the investigation. Realisation of Approximants in the Later Stages of Phonological Development Broen, Strange and Doyle (1983) tests Grunwell, P & Russell, J. (1990) A Phonological Disorder in an English-Speaking Child - A Case Study. In Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. Vol.4(1), pp.29-38 These will include two graphs for word-initial and word-medial

Template Presentation

Transcript: Template Presentation Geographic Features Major Mountains Landscape Diversity The country is home to some of the highest peaks in the world, including K2 and Nanga Parbat. These mountains not only attract climbers but also play a critical role in weather patterns and biodiversity. Pakistan presents a plethora of landscapes, ranging from the arid deserts of Thar to the lush green valleys of Swat. This diverse topography significantly influences local ecosystems and livelihoods. Cultural Aspects Climate Zones Rivers and Lakes Climate in Pakistan varies from arid in the west to temperate in the north. The country experiences distinct seasons, impacting agriculture and daily life across regions. Pakistan has a vast network of rivers, including the Indus, which is vital for irrigation and drinking water. Lakes like Manchar and Keenjhar support diverse wildlife and local economies. Ethnic Groups Pakistan is home to various ethnic groups, including Punjabis, Sindhis, Pashtuns, Baloch, and Muhajirs. Each group contributes unique traditions, languages, and customs, enriching the nation’s cultural mosaic. Traditional Festivals Languages Spoken Exploring Ideas with Pakistan's Diversity Pakistan boasts more than 70 languages, with Urdu as the national language and English as the official language. Regional languages like Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, and Balochi reflect the country's rich linguistic diversity. Major festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Adha, Basant, and Independence Day highlight the celebratory spirit of Pakistanis. These events showcase communal harmony, religious devotion, and cultural pride. Culinary Diversity Pakistan's cuisine varies regionally, featuring dishes like Biryani, Nihari, and Karahi. Each region has its signature flavors, influenced by local ingredients and cooking methods, reflecting the country's rich agricultural bounty. Introduction Purpose of Presentation This presentation aims to provide an in-depth understanding of Pakistan's geography, culture, and economy, highlighting its unique characteristics and contributions. It serves as an informative guide for anyone interested in learning more about this vibrant nation. Importance of the Map Maps are essential tools for understanding geographical and political landscapes, helping to visualize data and trends. The map of Pakistan illustrates its regional divisions, natural resources, and cultural diversity, which are vital for analysis and education. Overview of Pakistan Pakistan is a country in South Asia bordered by India, Afghanistan, Iran, and China. It features diverse landscapes, including mountains, deserts, and coastal areas, reflecting a rich cultural heritage that dates back thousands of years. Economic Overview of Pakistan Agricultural Products Major Industries Key agricultural products include rice, wheat, sugarcane, and cotton. Agriculture supports a large segment of the population, contributing about 20% to GDP and employing nearly half of the workforce. Pakistan's major industries include textiles, cement, and food processing. The textile industry is a significant contributor, accounting for approximately 60% of total exports and employing millions. Trade Partners Future Prospects The future economic outlook for Pakistan suggests growth driven by infrastructure development, energy projects, and increased foreign investment. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) plays a crucial role in this development. Pakistan's primary trade partners include China, the United States, and the United Arab Emirates. Trade relations have been strengthened through various agreements and partnerships.

Acquisition Presentation

Transcript: Build Facility Threats: Financial Ratios Whole Earth Naturals Financial Ratios 500 Mill=> Build manufacturing faciltiy 522 Mill=> Buy Whole Earth Naturals $75 Million - Solid reputation - Renovated Facilities Strengths: Opportunities: Buy Whole Earth Naturals Present Value Working Capital: -27 Mill. Gross Profit Margin: 52% - Cash flow - Increasing cost of sales -Cyclone in India Weaknesses: No earnings during construction Dan is Sexy and he knows it. Acquisition Price $522 Million 5 Years Threats: Conclusion - Immediate entry into Latin American market -High demand for all natural products SWOT Build $0 Weaknesses: Opportunities: Time Disadvantage Questionable Growth (Invested at 2.3502% APR) Forgone Interest Why buy? Latin American Market Profit generating ability Established reputation Personel in cost reduction SWOT Buy Cecilia Fernandes, Audrey Metzger Bailey, David Schuler, Sahajanand Dave, Mary Reilley $64.3 Million Unexpected Setbacks Delayed Profit Estimated Earnings $15 Million / Year Whole Earths profits offset the forgone interest SWOT Build Expansion of Company Entering New Markets Time Value of Money Strengths: No Prior Problems "Your Company" - Newly acquired debt Team: Accumulated Appreciation 3 - 5 Years Whole Earth Naturals SWOT Buy (cc) image by anemoneprojectors on Flickr Future Value $500 Million Build Vs Buy 3 - 5 Years BUY Why not build? Lack of income Risk of failure Debt Ratio: 68.9% Quick Ratio: .6 to 1 Current Ratio: .94

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