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COLONIAL BACKGROUND

Transcript: 1. Dates 2. What is a Puritan? a. 1588: Spanish Armada is defeated b. 1607: Founding of Jamestown, VA c. 1620: Pilgrims (Puritans & Separatists) land at Plymouth, MA d. 1621: Harvest Home Celebration e. 1623: First Thanksgiving f. 1630: Massachusetts Bay Colony a. wanted to purify the Church of England - return it to its roots b. strict, devout lifestyle c. children were "seen and not heard" 3. Puritan Community Puritans valued the following: 1. hard work 2. self-discipline 3. religious devotion a. neighbors watched and reported on neighbors b. did not celebrate "worldly" holidays like Christmas or Easter c. believed in cooperative work efforts d. forms of vain entertainment like novels, drama, singing, and dancing were prohibited: Chapel of Satan e. forests were off-limits: playground of evil 6. Summary a. The Puritans were a devout people who allowed the Bible to lead every aspect of their lives. b. They assisted each other when the need arose, but kept a close eye on each other as well. c. Children were treated as young adults and were punished when they got out of line. d. The Devil was a very real threat to them. Because of this, the Puritans blamed the Devil for the harshness of their lives. 4. Children were seen and not heard a. children were treated as mini-adults b. female children were forbidden to play with dolls or own pets c. the only dolls that were allowed were poppets which displayed the girl's sewing skills to a potential husband d. boys could continue schooling through college; girls normally attended through elementary school, maybe a bit later depending on the family's circumstances 5. Fear a. the Devil played an important role in the lives of the Puritans b. he was either directly/indirectly blamed any time something went wrong: a cow died, a pig ran off, a mother died in childbirth, children laughed during church c. he was very real and lived amongst them d. witches did his bidding - neighbor vs. neighbor e. threats from Native American tribes were also a constant threat f. public punishments were used to deter ungodly behavior- pillory, dragged through town, whippings f. tense atmosphere PURITAN BACKGROUND A Brief History

Colonial America

Transcript: Colonial America Push and Pull Factors Religious and Economic surplus population in England see the "New World" as idyllic $ in trade Mercantilism: belief in the benefits of profitable trading proponents argued, "colonies would not only create new markets for English goods but also help alleviate poverty...colonial commerce would allow England to acquire products from its own new territories."-textbook, page 27 This belief led European countries to seek out new markets for their exports started charter companies- created monopolies for businesses in a certain area (example: East India Company) Religious Freedom religious upheaval in Europe, especially in England The English Reformation, the Protestant Reformation, Puritan Separtists Puritan Separtists-wanted to worship as they pleased Jamestown, est. 1607 the first permanent English settlements = business enterprises The London Company- charter from King James I in 1606 launched colonizing expedition headed for Virginia with 144 men poor location: marshy humid and hot malaria thick woods powerful Native Americans By 1608 only 38 of the 104 men were still alive John Smith appeared upon the scene John Smith-capable organizer council president imposed work and order on the colony organized raids on neighboring Native American villages to steal food TOBACCO made Jamestown Profitable high demand in England cultivation: prepare and use land for growing crops tobacco cultivation up and down the James River pressure for terretorial expansion unrelenting assaults on Powhatan Indians kidnapped the cheif's daughter (Pocahontas) chief refused to ransom her Massachusetts turbulent events in England in 1620's James I-Charles I favoring Roman Catholicism intolerable climate for Puritans Puritan merchants-went to MA for economic reasons John Winthrop-chosen as governor organized migration This seal was created in 1690 by the MA Bay Co. to validate paper "bills of credit" The seal shows an Indian saying, "Come over and help us," which represents an English belief in the superiority of white European society. (textbook, 46) New Hampshire formally organized as an English crown colong in 1691 originally comprised the areas of current NH and ME settled in 1620's 1st propietors=John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges Maryland Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)- Roman Catholic English nobleman wanted to find refuge from religious intolerance in England Calvert died before he received the patent his son, Cecil took over and received the patent to claim the land and permission to settle there-1632 Few (if any) disagreements with the Native Americans Catholic colony-resulted in tensions between Catholics and Protestants Connecticut 100 miles west of Boston (MA) Thomas Hooker led his congregation to est. Hartford in 1635 Oringinally called the "River Colony" haven for Puritan Noblemen scene of the Pequot War (between the English and the Native Americans) Rhode Island Roger Williams: minister, Separatist argued that the Massachusetts church should abandon all allegiance to the Church of England called for a complete separation of church and state MA banished him created the town of Providence in 1636 Williams obtained a charter from parliament in 1644 to est. a government gave no support to the church-the only colony which allowed peoples of all faiths to worship without interferrence Delaware first settled by Swedes and Finns in 1638 both the Swedes and the Dutch laid claim to the land they fought battles over control of the conlony the Dutch maintained control until they surrendered the land to the English in 1664 governed as part of Pennsylvania The Carolinas carved from part of the original Virgina grant King Charles 11- gave the land to a group of eight prominent politicians 1663 and 1665-joint title to territory as proprietors the 8 people expected profits on the land welcomed all settlers for this reason (accepted different relgions) hoped to attract existing colonial settlers instead of paying for new settlers to travel eventually agreed to pay for settlers' passage North- farmers, isolated from the outside world, subsistance agriculture, no important aristocracy, no slaves South-fertile lands, prosperous economy, aristocratic society, slave-based plantation society New York and New Jersey 1664- King Charles II granted his brother James territory between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers included area claimed by the Dutch conflict between the Dutch and the English- commercial rivalry The Dutch surrendered the land for good in 1674 not only Dutch and English settlers, but Scandinavians, German, French, Africans ("imported" as slaves), and members of several different Native American tribes originally James's claims in America extended south of the Hudson to the Delaware Valley he gave a large portion to two political allies (Sir John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret) New Jersey became a royal colony in 1702 ethnic and religious diversity (like New York) Pennsylvania born out of

Colonial America Presentation

Transcript: Opportunity in Colonial America By Cam, Grant, Evan, and Sylvie Thesis: Opportunity in Colonial America is based on race, wealth, gender, and religion. Race Topic Black People Black - Rose Davis is Sentenced to a Life of Slavery 1715 - Rose Davis was born from an indentured white woman and a black man in 1946. - In 1715 Rose requested to be free but was instead sentenced to life of slavery. This type of treatment was the same around all black people. Their opportunities were not respected. White People White Song is written from the perspective of a young girl who is sent to Virginia against her will, where she faced a life of hunger and never ending work around 1689-1703 This document aims to show how life in Early America was tough and opportunities were few and far between no matter the race. It provides contrast to the idea that New England was a place of opportunity, showing that for some, New England was a place of great danger and suffering. Early Colonists did not enjoy many pleasures- the woman states in the song that she would gladly return to England. Some people living in New England weren’t necessarily free from the brutal class structures of England and Europe. Very little prosperity in Early America Native People Native Alibamo Mingo 1765 in the Americas Alibamo was Choctaw leader Created to share Native experience of the French losing to the British and leaving the Americas. Shows how the Natives were allies with the French and when they lost to the British the Natives were not happy. The Natives thought the British had no respect or wisdom in their government. The Author is the leader of the Choctaw tribe so he is biased to the Native opinion. He also focused on the good of the French and bad parts of the British. Likes the French because they had a good trade dynamic. Wealth: A person's wealth, especially inherited money, greatly impacted their opportunities in colonial America. Topic Eliza Lucas Eliza Lucas lived in South Carolina in the 1740. She became very wealthy through managing several plantations. Through this money she was able to enjoy many things. "My Papa... leaves it to me to choose our place of residence", "I have a little library...and the garden, which I am very fond of." Topic Eliza grew up in a wealthy family and received formal schooling in London before moving to South Carolina. The plantations she managed were inherited by her family. Eliza's inherited wealth gave her greater opportunity to make money and live comfortably in America. Topic Puritan Economics Wealth greatly impacted a person's opportunities, and Puritan New England did not make it easy to make money. "Puritan Economics", written by John Winthrop, details the case of Robert Keayne, who was tried for selling goods at a higher than legal price. Topic Puritan New England did not believe prices should fluctuate freely with Supply and Demand, and place heavy restrictions on trade. Gender Topic In 17th century colonial America, it wasn’t new for women to have one purpose and one purpose only. That purpose being to care for the added generation of their bloodline. Women were more or less treated like objects; a thing that just popped out a baby and did everything to raise the kid. Had an important role but rights were extremely little. Women’s rights decreased according to their ethnicity. Their rights also decreased according to their husband’s wealth or family wealth before getting married. In Samuel Sewall's diary he would document the times he spent during the Salem witch trials.Throughout Sam's diary he would record all of the people who had been accused of witchcraft and all of the times they had meetings regarding anything close to witchcraft. Majority of the people accused of witchcraft were women but there were some men accused of this act. People would try remedies to heal the ones who were in danger of being possessed into a witch. These documents from Samuel's diary would correlate with many other resources regarding gender and status because “weaker” or “different” parties would be blamed for what's wrong in the world, ending up with these groups of people walking on eggshells around the higher parties who are deciding whether or not these people have actually done anything wrong. Most of the women that were indentured servants would work in the upper class English man’s household, they would get sexually assaulted and if they got pregnant they would be forced to stay another year because of the “lost time” due to pregnancy and childbirth. Religion A persons religion affected the way they lived in colonial America. Topic Non-Christian Topic Jonathan Edwards Revives Enfield, Connecticut, 1741: The sermon explains how converting to christinaity will better not only other’s lives but also the world’s figuration to be able to roll into their idea of Manifest Destiny (at that time Manifest destiny wasn’t a thing, Manifest destiny didn’t happen until a century later)The sermon then goes on to question why

Colonial America

Transcript: Minister Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts due to religious differences Adopted Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - considered first written constitution in the colonies Minister Roger Williams, believed in strict separation of church and state He was banished from Massachusetts, purchased land from Narraganset Indians, and founded a settlement that later became Rhode Island. Charter for this colony gave religious freedom to those living there. Anne Hutchinson held Bible meetings in her home discussing sermons. Expressed ideas that challenged the church hierarchy Arrested and then banished from Massachusetts, she moved to Rhode Island In your notebook, write a brief paragraph explaining how these events threatened Puritan stability Virginia Landless laborers and small landowners, became unhappy - wanted to settle on land guaranteed to an Indian American tribe the Powhatan Settlers moved onto Indian land, were attacked, tried to begin a war Developed gradually in the Chesapeake as replacement for indentured servants Slave trade established African people kidnapped by traders, packed into slave ships, and sold in America. Many died on the journey. Extension of conflict between England and France in the colonies Victorious British claimed Canada and all French holdings east of the Mississippi River Except New Orleans Resulting 13 Colonies The French and Indian War The Beginning of the United States Religious Dissent Sir Walter Raleigh sent by Queen Elizabeth First settlers - 100 men - returned to England after a hard winter 1587 new settlers sent by Raleigh (men, women, and children) John White led the group, returned to Englad with supplies, was delayed and couldn't return for three years Roanoke deserted and colonists never seen again Most settlers came in search of religious freedom. Pilgrims and Puritans disagreed with Anglican beliefs and practices; Puritans wished to reform English churches while Pilgrims were separatists who left to set up their own churches. Mayflower Compact written and signed by the men, established a self-governing colony based on the majority rule of male church members. Like Jamestown, owe survival to the help of American Indians/Native Americans Squanto - Patuxet Indian who spoke English due to previous capture, aided colonists Plymouth Settlers Geography Religion Goals Charter given to the Virginia Company of London - a group of merchants (traders) Settlers were to search for gold and establish trade in fish and furs Faced difficulty (disease and hunger), winter of 1609-1610 known as "the starving time" Discovered a way to make money by planting tobacco seeds along the James River House of Burgesses first met in 1619; represented colony's towns and could make local laws Early English Settlements The American Colonies Roanoke Conflicts in the Colonies Bacon's Rebellion Religious Disagreement Slavery Founders Climate Geography Environment There are 8 colonies throughout the room. You will visit each colony and take note of the following information: Jamestown

Colonial America

Transcript: Seeking Religious Freedom The next wave of English colonists came for religious freedom. England had been a Protestant country since 1534, when the king Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church and formed the Anglican Church. Not everyone in England was happy with the new church. Many people dissented, or disagreed with Anglican beliefs or practices.Others were Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican church and some broke away all together. The Protestants who wished to reform the Anglican Church were called Puritans. Those who sought to set up their own churches were known as Separatists. These people were persecuted, mistreated because of their beliefs in England. Some fled to the Netherlands.There they found freedom to practice their religion, but they had trouble finding work. They also worried that their children were losing their religious values and their English way of life. The Pilgrims Settle Plymouth In 1620, a group of Separatists decided to move to America. They became known as the Pilgrims. A pilgrim is someone who undertakes a religious journey. The Pilgrims were able to get grants of land from the Virginia Company. They got permission to settle in Virginia and to practice their religion freely. They boarded the ship called the Mayflower and left to begin new lives. The Mayflower drifted off course on its journey across the Atlantic. The first land the Pilgrims sighted was Cape Cod, well north of their target. It was November, and winter was fast approaching. The colonists decided to drop anchor in Cape Cod Bay. They went ashore on a cold, bleak day in December at a place they called Plymouth. The Mayflower Compact Plymouth was outside the territory to the Virginia Company and its laws. While they were still on board ship, the Pilgrims signed a document they called the Mayflower Compact. This document set up an organized, orderly government. Each signer promised to obey the laws passed "for the general good of the colony." The Mayflower Compact was a key step in the development of representative, democratic government in America. Native American Help Almost half of the Pilgrims died during the first winter. They died from illness, hunger, and the cold. In the spring, two Native Americans, Squanto and Samoset befriended the colonists. They taught the Pilgrims to grow corn, beans, and pumpkins and showed the colonists where to hunt and fist. Without their help, the Pilgrims may not have survived. Squanto and Samoset also helped the Pilgrims make peace with the Wampanoag people who lived in the area. For a time, the two groups lived together in harmony. In the fall of 1621, the Pilgrims included their new Wampanoag friends in a feast of thanksgiving. New Colonies In 1629 a group of Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Company. The received a royal charter to establish a colony north of Plymouth. The company chose John Winthrop to be the colony's governor. In 1630, Winthrop led 900, men, women, and children to Massachusetts Bay. Most settled in Boston. During the 1630's, more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and economic hard times in England. This became known as the Great Migration. Winthrop and his assistants made the colony's laws but the settlers demanded a larger role in government in 1634. Adult male church members were allowed to vote for the governor and for representatives to the government. Later, property ownership became a requirement for voting. The Puritans had little tolerance for other beliefs even though they came for religious freedom. They criticized people who did not agree with their views. They strictly enforced their own religious rules. This lack of tolerance led people to form new colonies. Connecticut and Rhode Island Colonists began to settle along the Connecticut River in the 1630's. The leader of the movement was Thomas Hooker. He did not like how Winthrop and other Puritan leaders ran the colony. In 1636, Hooker led his congregation to the Connecticut River Valley. There he founded the town of Hartford. The colonies formed Connecticut. In 1639 they adopted a plan of government called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. This was the first written constitution in America. The document described the organization of representative government in detail, it reflected a belief in democratic principles. A minister named Roger Williams founded the colony of Rhode Island. Williams felt that government should not force people to worship in a certain way. He also believed it was wrong for settlers to take land away from the Native Americans. Forced by Massachusetts leaders to leave the colony, he found refuge with the Narragansett people. They later sold him land where he founded the town of Providence. Rhode Island had a religious tolerance policy and it became a face place for dissenters. It was the first place in America that people could worship freely. Others followed Williams' example and in 1638, John

Colonial America

Transcript: Life in the Colonies! Population is booming.... African Americans In 1700 there was 28,000 in the Colonies By the mid-1770s there was over 500,000. Stage is set for democracy? What have we already learned about that put America on the path for democracy? Brainstorm as many examples as you can think of. Native American influences England is too busy to oversea ALL colonial affairs Glorious Revolution - Monarchy brought back with limited power Magna Carta - a document signed in 1215 that secured certain rights for the English people The English system was already one of limited and representative government Interesting fact: Children were often taught how to read and write at home. New England especially had a very high literacy rate - 85% of men and 50% of women could read. Do you think these high literacy rates made a difference when the colonies started to rebel? Girls! Would you have liked to live during colonial times? Your tasks include.... Cooking Making butter and cheese Preserving food Spinning yarn Making clothes Tending chickens and cows Working in the fields next to your husband You may attend church meetings, of course, but you cannot speak in church, vote, or serve as clergy. You are considered under your husband's authority and you have very few rights. What if you lived in cities and towns or were unmarried/widowed? If you lived in cities or towns, you could possibly hold a job outside the home. If you are young and unmarried, you could work as a teacher, nurse, or a seamstress or you could open a shop or an inn. If you were a widow or you were never married, you could run businesses and own property. Guys! Would you have liked to live during colonial times? Your tasks include... Ruling as the formal head of the household Managing the farm Representing the family in community affairs Young boys were often sent to work as indentured servants for farmers or to serve as appretices or learning assistants to craft workers who taught them a trade. A couple of big things happened in America during the 1700s.... The Great Awakening! What do you think this was about? It means "A new birth." From the 1720s to the 1740s a religious revival spread throughout the colonies. The Enlightenment What do you think this was about? Happened in the middle of the 1700s. It was movement and it spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society. If knowledge, reason, and science now improves society, what did people think improved society before The Enlightenment? Major character in the Enlightenment in America as a man named BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

Colonial America

Transcript: Colonial America Covenent Community New England was settled by Puritans seeking freedom from religious persecution in Europe. They formed a "covenant community" based on the principles of the Mayflower Compact. They practiced a form of direct democracy through town meetings. Puritans were often intolerant of those not sharing their religion. Opportunity The Middle Atlantic region was settled chiefly by English, Dutch, and German-speaking immigrants seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity. Cavaliers Virginia and the other Southern colonies were settled by people seeking economic opportunities. Some of the early Virginia settlers were "cavaliers" - English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England. Small Farmers Jamestown Jamestown, established in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London as a business venture, was the first permanent English settlement in North America. The House of Burgesses The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first elected assembly in the New World. Interactions among Europeans, Africans, and American Indians The explorations and settlements of the English in the American colonies and Spanish in the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, often led to violent conflicts with the American Indians. Loss of territory The Indians lost their traditional territories and fell victim to diseases carried from Europe. By contrast, French exploration of Canada did not lead to large-scale immigration from France, and relations with the Indians was better. Slave Trade Economic characteristics of the Colonial Period The New England colonies developed an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually, manufacturing. Puritans The colonies prospered, reflecting the Puritans' strong belief in the values of hard work and thrift. Middle Colonies The middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware developed economies based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading. New York, Philadelphia and Southern Colonies Cities such as New York, and Philadelphia, and Southern colonies developed and began to grow as seaports and/or commercial centers. Cash Crops Economies in the Southeastern coastal lowlands were based on large plantations that grew "cash crops" such as tobacco, rice, and indigo for export to Europe. Appalachian Foothills Farther inland, however, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills, the economy was based on small-scale subsistence farming, hunting, and trading. Private Ownership A strong belief in private ownership of property and free enterprise characterized colonial life. Social Characteristics New England's colonial society was based on religious standing. Rhode Island was founded by dissenters fleeing persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts. Religious Groups The middle colonies were home to multiple religious groups, including Quakers in Pennsylvania, Huguenots and Jews in New York and Presbyterians in New Jersey. These colonies had more flexible social structures and began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers. Ownership Virginia and the other Southern colonies had a social structure based on family status and the ownership of land. Large landowners in the eastern lowlands dominated colonial government and society and maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and closer social ties to Britain than did those in the other colonies. Further Inland In the mountains and valleys further inland, however, society was characterized by small subsistence farmers, hunters, and traders of Scots-Irish and English descent. Great Awakening The "Great Awakening" was a religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies during the mid-1700s. American Revolution It led to the rapid growth of evangelical religions such as the Methodists and Baptists and challenged the established religious and governmental order. It laid one of the social foundations for the American Revolution. Middle Colonies Middle colonies incorporated a number of democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of Englishmen. Southern Colonies Southern colonies maintained stronger ties with Britain, with planters playing leading roles in representative colonial legislatures. Agricultural Economy The growth of a plantation-based agricultural economy in the hot, humid coastal lowlands of the Southern colonies required cheap labor on a large scale. Indentured Servants Some of the labor needs, especially in Virginia, were met by indentured servants, who were often poor persons from England, Scotland, or Ireland who agreed to work on plantations for a period in time in return for their passage from Europe or relief from debts. Triangle Trade Most plantation labor needs eventually came to be satisfied by the forcible importation of Africans. Slaves The first Africans were brought against their will to

Colonial America Presentation

Transcript: Religious Unrest Passed a radical set of articles in 1563 to remove superstitions from the CoE.Created a conflict with the Protestants Elizabeth was willing to be tolerant but Protestants did not want to accept anything that they did not believe in. Religion and Colonization Elizabeth I Religious Unrest Discovery Voyages Raleigh and Roanoke Colony Important Dates Spain in Central and South America so they knew they had to go north. Elizabeth I granted patent to Walter Raleigh in 1584 to establish a colony. Policy to challenge Spain. Biography: viewed Puritan preachers as a challenge. small churches began to develop little hope for religious toleration, independence, and support no influence in London. HIS 3260 Katie Kelder Raleigh believed in it. Lobbied for state funding but failed. Elizabeth I did not like to allow high stakes ventures. Paid for by private funding. Abandoned after a year due to harsh weather conditions and lack of supplies. Created interest in colonization in the Americas. September 7, 1533 - March 24, 1603 1562: Hawkins and Drake had the first slave trade to the Americas 1565: Raleigh brings back potatoes and tobacco from the Americas 1584: First colony established - Virginia 1587: Raleigh arrives in North Carolina Main explorers for England are Francis Drake, Walter Raleigh, Humphrey Gilbert. Prepared England for their age of colonization, trade, and exploration. Colonization pro-Protestant sent aid to French Huegenouts after massacre in 1572. In England, faced 2 groups: radical Catholics radical supporters of the Church of England Bibliography Elizabeth I - direct result of the formation of the Church of England. Father Henry VIII created the Church of England so divorce Catherine of Argon so that he could marry Anne Boleyn, who is her mother. Dealt with aftermath of her siblings' attempt to radically change the country's religion. Religion "Colonizing America : Elizabeth's Adventurers : Elizabeth I : Maritime History In-depth : Sea & Ships : Explore Online : RMG." Colonizing America : Elizabeth's Adventurers : Elizabeth I : Maritime History In-depth : Sea & Ships : Explore Online : RMG. Accessed April 11, 2013. http://www.rmg.co.uk/explore/sea-and-ships/in-depth/elizabeth/elizabeth's-adventurers/colonizing-america/*/viewPage/3. "Elizabeth I and the Church of England." Elizabeth I and the Church of England. Accessed April 11, 2013. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/elizabeth_church_england.htm. Lathbury, Thomas. "History of the Convocation of the Church of England." P. 163. Accessed March 5, 2013. "Queen Elizabeth 1." Queen Elizabeth 1. Accessed April 08, 2013. http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon45.html. Weir, Alison. The Life of Elizabeth I. New York: Ballantine, 1998. Puritans Reign referred to as "Golden Age" or English Renaissance. However, much political and religious turmoil. She made English a Protestant power.

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