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Free to try, no credit card requiredClimate Adaptation
Example Actions and Strategies
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Thursday, May 7, 2015
Vol XCIII, No. 311
(WNRI) Western Norway research institute
Adaptation Norway
Deborah E. Davies
Researcher & climate change communicator
Western Norway Research Institute/ Vestlandsforsking
ded@vestforsk.no
Legacy of Extreme Events ?
Multi-Hazard Early Warning System
Hazards are expected to get worse.
Demonstration project
EU funded NPP - Clim-ATIC
Potential for effective, reliable cost-effective MHEWS
Tested in Aurland municipality in Sogn og Fjordane
Demonstrate how modern technology can reduce the negative impacts of climate change by reducing risks
Adaptation in Action
Examples from around Europe
Solutions
Success and Limiting Factors
The future
Mentioned in reports by the National Defence Committee and DSB
Still the project has not been implemented following the demonstration project.
Life Time
Challenges
Objectives
Stakeholder Engagement
Adaptation Options Implemented
An overview of practical and early examples of actual adaptive actions already taking place across Europe.
CIRCLE-2 coordination, www.circle-era.eu
http://www.nrk.no/sognogfjordane/riksveg-15-truleg-stengd-ei-veke-1.11362642
http://platypussprinkler.com/
"Snøskred over veg, Napefonn, Sogn og Fjordane"http://forskning.no/meteorologi-vaer-og-vind/2008/02/med-datakraft-mot-skred
FOTO: Arne Veum/NTB Scanpix
http://www.sognavis.no/lokale_nyhende/article7112630.ece
http://www.sogndal.fhs.no/sogndal/
Land-use Planning in Climate Impact Management
Adaptation
Adaptation in Action
Mitigation
Impacts and adaptation needs are very different from location to location; therefore, land use planning has an important role to play in adaptation to climate change.
Examples from around Europe
Mitigation involves attempts to slow the process of global climate change by lowering the
level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Examples
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
planting trees that absorb carbon dioxide from the air and store it in the soil or in their trunks and roots.
Global efforts for mitigation are prerequisites for sustainable development.
Methodological Approach:
Developing ways to avoid negative impact on people, their livelihoods, economic activities and places by reducing their vulnerability to climate impacts.
Adaptation is about doing things differently because of climate change.
Examples of adaptation
Methodological Approach:
Integrating mitigation into land use planning may not require the introduction of new tools.
It requires awareness of the potentials of land use planning.
During land use planning, areas of current deforestation
or forest degradation can be identified, different future scenarios discussed and more sustainable uses defined, decided upon and passed on areas for afforestation or the production of “clean energy” could be identified.
Benefit/Outcome/Impact:
Apart from environmental improvements, municipalities and individual land users can benefit from payments for environmental services – depending on national laws.
Reflections/Lessons Learned/Critical Assessment:
Land use planning could be used much more to get the topic of climate change on the agenda and to provide tools for participatory planning and decision-making concerning
measures to mitigate climate change.
Relevant complementing Measures and Tools:
Analysis of observed and projected climate data drawing on climate databases
Impact assessments;
Cost-benefit analysis;
Climate proofing tools to systematically assess climate impacts on project or policy objectives in the planning and implementation phase.
LUP Mitigation
An overview of practical and early examples of actual adaptive actions already taking place across Europe.
CIRCLE-2 coordination, www.circle-era.eu
LUP Adaptation
Vulnerability mapping - based on the analysis of observed and projected climate data, included in the analytical phase.
Once vulnerable zones are identified, alternative uses and adaptation options can be discussed jointly and agreed upon by all stakeholders – with support from experts
Benefit/Outcome/Impact:
By considering climate change, land use planning can be made resilient and contribute to adapting to climate change.
It enables site-specific adaptation e.g. by adjusting the assessmentof guiding parameters like land suitability for different purposes.
Reflections/Lessons Learned/Critical Assessment:
Land use planning can be used to reduce deforestation and forest degradation by
limiting agricultural expansion and conversion of forests to pasturelands, infrastructure development, destructive logging, fires etc.
Land use planning can also be used to identify areas for carbon sequestration (as an environmental service for which farmers could receive a payment),e.g. through afforestation or for the introduction of agroforestry.
http://www.circle-era.eu/np4/%7B$clientServletPath%7D/?newsId=432&fileName=BOOK_150_dpi.pdf
Green energy
Green air
Green infrastructure
75 Years of Municipal Climatology
Conservation of Green Space
23% of the district of Stuttgart is covered by forests
Multifunctional forestry- additional focus on leisure use & climate protection.
Large sections of the forest are landscape protection areas preserved under the Flora-Fauna-Habitat (FFH) Directive of the European Union
Public parks and green spaces cover approximately 4% (around 1,100 ha)
Since 1930's Stuttgart has had a Department for City Climatology
It has been following two strategies: Fresh Air & Greens.
Expands its forests and parks
Subsidises green architecture green roofs, facades, inner courtyards and tracks.
Utilises the latitude differences in the caldera in combination with fresh air aisles kept free of construction to allow cool air to fall into the city during the night and carry away air pollutants.
Looks to implement feasible steps & planning conceptions that increase readiness for adaptation to climate change on the whole and, once set, determine concrete actions.
Green ventilation corridors
Construction bans at strategic places
Climate Atlas
The photovoltaic (solar) panels provide shading, beneficial for summer crops in cases of excessive heats or droughts.
Agri-voltaic scheme
http://www.stadtklima-stuttgart.de/index.php?climate_climate_atlas_2008
Tool to guide adaptation measures
Biomass in the heart of the city
Cool buildings
Retain rainwater
Reduce energy needs
1992, Stuttgart published its first climate atlas ( latest version 2008)
topography and buildings influence the flowthrough of air.
The surrounding hills, forests and the agricultural areas constitute the main sources of fresh air for the city.
Recommend the following goals for climate-friendly spatial planning should be pursued:
Plants can help regulate indoor temperatures of buildings.
Sustainable air-conditiioning used to offset the Heat Island Effect.
Tested in the Biohof Achleitner in Austria
The plants cool between 2.3 - and 16.2 watt per square metre: a reduction in temperature of two degrees Celsius during the summer
Stuttgart uses wood that is a by-product of landscape conservation in the city to heat public buildings.
Each year 18,000 cubic metres of wood and tree cuttings are collected by the city's gardeners.
The city previously disposed of the biological waste, at a large cost to the council.
It selected three buildings from the city's 1,400 public buildings to have wood-chip heating facilities installed - a school, an indoor swimming pool and the city gardens.
They have enough room to store the wood and accept deliveries.
Montpellier, 2.000 square metre site, a land use return of 1.6 calculated (Inra)
Reduced at stress and irrigation demands
Ventilation to stop the solar panels overheating
Researcher and activist Kamal Meattle shows how three common houseplants, used in specific spots in a home or office building, can result in measurably cleaner indoor air.
His vision is to reshape commercial buildings in India using principles of green architecture and sustainable upkeep - massive banks of plants instead of massive banks of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) equipment.
Stuttgart lies in a caldera in the South-West of Germany
Two river valleys flow into the city and are a flood risk due to potential cloud bursts.
The area has weak winds, and little ventilation making it more vulnerable to rising temperatures and heat wave events.
The city has had a history of poor air quality which it has tired to remedy since the 1930's.
Verticle gardens - climbing wire
Sidewalk garden - community owned
Green wall - technical challenge
2010 Stuttgart's land-use plan motto = Urban-Compact-Green
http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/viewmeasure?ace_measure_id=3403
Copenhagen
Climate Adaptation Plan
Its goal is to ensure…
http://en.klimatilpasning.dk/media/568851/copenhagen_adaption_plan.pdf
Key Considerations for Successful Climate Adaptation Measures
Drafting of the City of Copenhagen Climate Plan in 2009,
Principal challenges and five initiatives were identified
1. Develop methods to discharge water during heavy downpours
2. Establish green solutions to reduce the risk of flooding
3. Increase the use of passive cooling of buildings
4. Protect against flooding from the sea
5. Prepare a combined climate adaptation strategy
Copenhagen
The Emissions Scenarios of the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)
Climate Adaptation Plan
Using IPCC Scenarios
The climate adaptation plan adopts a development scenario in line with the SRES A2 scenario as presented by the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
The Ministry of Climate and Energy in Denmark recommended that municipalities apply the IPCC’s A1B scenario for planning in relation to climate change over the next 50 years.
This recommendation came after work on the Copenhagen plan had been carried out
What are these different scenarios?
A1. The A1 storyline and scenario family describes a future world of very rapid economic growth, global population that peaks in mid-century and declines thereafter, and the rapid introduction of new and more efficient technologies.
Major underlying themes are convergence among regions, capacity building and increased cultural and social interactions, with a substantial reduction in regional differences in per capita income.
The A1 scenario family develops into three groups that describe alternative directions of technological change in the energy system. The three A1 groups are distinguished by their technological emphasis: fossil intensive (A1FI), non-fossil energy sources (A1T), or a balance across all sources (A1B) (where balanced is defined as not relying too heavily on one particular energy source, on the assumption that similar improvement rates apply to all energy supply and end-use technologies).
A2. The A2 storyline and scenario family describes a very heterogeneous world. The underlying theme is self-reliance and preservation of local identities. Fertility patterns across regions converge very slowly, which results in continuously increasing population. Economic development is primarily regionally oriented and per capita economic growth and technological change more fragmented and slower than other storylines.
http://en.klimatilpasning.dk/media/568851/copenhagen_adaption_plan.pdf
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