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Changes to the MLA Handbook, Eighth Edition Overview
4
Changes to the
No longer abbreviate
In the works cited only, use p. or pp. to indicate page numbers.
A text with 3 or more authors uses only the first author and et. al.
MLA Handbook
editor
translator
review of
Do not use p. or pp. for in-text citations.
Previously, et. al. was for texts with 4 or more authors.
Eighth Edition
of publication is no longer required in a book citation.
Do not use placeholders for unavailable information, such as n. d. or n. p.
If the publisher and author are the same, omit the author information and keep the publisher information.
If publication information is available from another, reliable source, place it in square brackets; otherwise, omit the information.
Use Vol. and No. or Iss. in the works cited to indicate a journal's volume and number or issue. In addition, use the month and season along with the year.
No longer required except for clarity.
Cite video times and shorten titles in parenthetical citations.
The MLA Handbook also discusses how to cite borrowings from Greek, Roman, and medieval sources, punctuation for combined items, and formatting for nonpaper research projects.
Medium of Publication
Always use the URL with no angle brackets.
Use a DOI when available.
Date accessed is optional.
Publishers
Online (cont.)
Authors
Online
In-Text Citations (cont.)
Journals
Abbreviations
Pages
Online (cont)
Use full names, drop the word company, and still use U, P, and UP.
Use a slash (/) to separate copublishers.