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Shale Gas
General verview about shale gas production
by
TweetSebastian Ramiro
on 17 March 2014Transcript of Shale Gas
Shale Gas
What is shale gas?
Shale
Sedimentary rock deposited in low energy marine and lake environments
Composed by layers of clay-size mineral grains and organic matter
Natural Gas
Fossil fuel originated from plant, algal or other organic remains
Composed primarily of methane - up to 95%
Is it different to conventional gas?
Shale gas is a type of unconventional gas
Both conventional and unconventional gas have the same chemical composition
They mainly differ in the geology and physical properties of the reservoirs in which they are stored
Conventional vs Unconventional
How is it produced?
What are the benefits of using it?
What are the risks?
Unconventional reservoirs have very low permeability. They can only be produced by some extraordinary completion, stimulation and development practices
Shale gas can be economically produced by the conjunction of:
Horizontal Drilling - to maximize pay zone exposure to the well
Hydraulic Fracturing - to increase the permeability of the reservoir by creating or restoring small fractures in the rock
Tight Gas Sands
Shale Gas
Coalbed Methane
Gas Hydrates
Typical oil reservoir rocks, such as sandstones, have permeabilities between 100 and 10,000 mD
Shale Gas reservoirs have permeabilities of less than 0,001 mD.
(between 10,000 and 1,000,000 less permeability)
Further Challenges
Production technology
Water management
Specific regulation and legislation
Monitoring systems
New proppant materials
Use of non-water based fracturing fluids
Reduction of Greenhouse gas emissions
Security of supply
Increase in tax revenues
Gas prices
Job creation
Stimulation of national manufacturing industry
Where is it?
Shale gas in the World
Shale gas in the UK
Rank Country of technically recoverable Shale Gas (tcf)
1 China..................1,115
2 Argentina.........802
3 Algeria................707
4 US.........................665 (1,161)
5 Canada...............573
6 Mexico...............545
7 Australia............437
8 South Africa....390
9 Russia.................285
10 Brazil.................245
Others...................1,535
World Total........7,299 (7,795)
Open pits
Surface pollution
Groundwater contamination
Methane emissions
Inadequate well design and/or poor construction
Groundwater contamination
Methane emissions
Induced seismicity
Surface damages
Casing deformation
Silica exposure
(US)
900,000 p/y
30,000 p/y
500 p/y
100 p/y
20 p/y
1 p/ 5 to 10 years
Water sourcing and use/re-use
Fluid transport
Public disclosure of fracking fluid composition
Flowback disclosure
Fluid storage
Fluid treatment and disposal
Full transcriptWhat is shale gas?
Shale
Sedimentary rock deposited in low energy marine and lake environments
Composed by layers of clay-size mineral grains and organic matter
Natural Gas
Fossil fuel originated from plant, algal or other organic remains
Composed primarily of methane - up to 95%
Is it different to conventional gas?
Shale gas is a type of unconventional gas
Both conventional and unconventional gas have the same chemical composition
They mainly differ in the geology and physical properties of the reservoirs in which they are stored
Conventional vs Unconventional
How is it produced?
What are the benefits of using it?
What are the risks?
Unconventional reservoirs have very low permeability. They can only be produced by some extraordinary completion, stimulation and development practices
Shale gas can be economically produced by the conjunction of:
Horizontal Drilling - to maximize pay zone exposure to the well
Hydraulic Fracturing - to increase the permeability of the reservoir by creating or restoring small fractures in the rock
Tight Gas Sands
Shale Gas
Coalbed Methane
Gas Hydrates
Typical oil reservoir rocks, such as sandstones, have permeabilities between 100 and 10,000 mD
Shale Gas reservoirs have permeabilities of less than 0,001 mD.
(between 10,000 and 1,000,000 less permeability)
Further Challenges
Production technology
Water management
Specific regulation and legislation
Monitoring systems
New proppant materials
Use of non-water based fracturing fluids
Reduction of Greenhouse gas emissions
Security of supply
Increase in tax revenues
Gas prices
Job creation
Stimulation of national manufacturing industry
Where is it?
Shale gas in the World
Shale gas in the UK
Rank Country of technically recoverable Shale Gas (tcf)
1 China..................1,115
2 Argentina.........802
3 Algeria................707
4 US.........................665 (1,161)
5 Canada...............573
6 Mexico...............545
7 Australia............437
8 South Africa....390
9 Russia.................285
10 Brazil.................245
Others...................1,535
World Total........7,299 (7,795)
Open pits
Surface pollution
Groundwater contamination
Methane emissions
Inadequate well design and/or poor construction
Groundwater contamination
Methane emissions
Induced seismicity
Surface damages
Casing deformation
Silica exposure
(US)
900,000 p/y
30,000 p/y
500 p/y
100 p/y
20 p/y
1 p/ 5 to 10 years
Water sourcing and use/re-use
Fluid transport
Public disclosure of fracking fluid composition
Flowback disclosure
Fluid storage
Fluid treatment and disposal