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The Tundra
This forest is a transition between the deciduous and the boreal forest. There is regular and abundant precipitation in this region which is very healthy for both types of trees. When the leaves from the wide range of trees falls to the ground it creates humus. The humus hold water and less soluble minerals are taken away from the grey brown colored top soil. Because of this, the mixed forest region in Canada is very suitable for farming.
Grasslands
West Coast Forest
Temperatures are warmer in valleys and precipitation is moderately heavy on the west side of a mountain. This causes vegetation to differ greatly. Where the temperature is warmer grasses and cacti grow. The soil is also similar to the prairie grasslands here. Where there is a greater amount of precipitation forests grow. top of Cordilleran mountain ranges are similar to the tundra: only meadows of flowers and shrubs above the treeline. On the highest points of the slope no vegetation can survive resulting in snow, bare rock, and ice.
The mixed forest is composed of
coniferous and deciduous tress. The
variety of trees is excellent for the
lumbering industry. Sadly, little of the
forest in the southern region remains
because of lumbering, agriculture, city development, and because of
transportation.
On the mountains of the Western Cordillera there are many different types of soil. The amount of each soil and type differentiates on the elevation, rainfall, slope, and vegetation cover within the mountain range. The characteristics may change radically within short distances.
Examples of trees
that grow in the Boreal
and Taiga Forest
This region has
cold temperatures and short growing seasons.
Cordilleran Vegetation
Along the west coast grows lush forests. There is heavy precipitation and a mild climate which is excellent for growing. The trees that grow in this region have been crucial to British Columbia's lumbering industry. This rich vegetation provides much plant material which makes humus. The high rainfall leaches minerals in the soil deeply.
There is a small amount of wildlife in the tundra because of the lack of vegetation. It also limits the variety and population of species.
The soils of this vegetation region contains more humus than the mixed forest region and has less acidity because of the larger amount of deciduous tress. The dark brown topsoil is rich with humus.
Summers in southwestern Ontario are long and hot while winters are relatively mild. This region receives much precipitation which is ideal for most of the trees that grow in this region. Sadly on some of this forest remains because most of it has been cleared for agricultural development and urban development.
Because of the dry climate, species such as trembling aspen, willow, and spruce, grow in river valleys. The deep root system of the grass forms a sod mat. This absorbs moisture which therefore holds the soil in place. Even though the grass may dies of the roots still remain alive.
-vegetation consists of short grasses, sagebrush, and cacti
The tundra has a great lack of vegetation. Trees do not grow because
the climate is to cold and dry. Small shrubs, lichens, and mosses grow on ground level.
-warm dry climate
-little amount humus produced in soil
-not suitable for farming but for cattle grazing.
-in the driest areas of southern Saskatchewan and Alberta
-ideal for growing grains and oil seeds
-large amounts of humus are produced which results in rich black soil.
-produces some of the best grains in the world due to having the richest soil in Canada.
-transition zone
-long grass and clumps of trees
-coniferous trees mainly in the northern park of the parkland and deciduous trees in the southern part.