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- English for academic and ocuppational purposses
The second type of ESP identified by Carter (1983) is English for Academic and Occupational Purposes. In the Tree of ELT (Hutchinson & Waters, 1987), ESP is broken down into three branches:
a) English for Science and Technology (EST)
b) English for Business and Economics (EBE)
c) English for Social Studies (ESS)
The final battles of the European Theatre of World War II as well as the German surrender to the Western Allies and the Soviet Union took place in late April and early May 1945.
Each of these subject areas is further divided into two branches: English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Occupational Purposes (EOP)
1970
2000
2005
2010
1945
1939
- English with specific topics
Types of English for Specific Purposes
- English as a Restricted Language
The third and final type of ESP identified by Carter (1983) is English with specific topics. Carter notes that it is only here where emphasis shifts from purpose to topic. This type of ESP is uniquely concerned with anticipated future English needs of, for example, scientists requiring English for postgraduate reading studies, attending conferences or working in foreign institutions.
Is a reduced form of a LANGUAGE: ‘Some REGISTERS are extremely restricted in purpose. They thus employ only a limited number of formal items and patterns [and] are known as restricted languages’ (M. A. K. Halliday et al., The Linguistic Sciences and Language Teaching, 1964). Such a system is often artificial and highly specialized, created and used with a particular end in mind.
*Economic power of United States
*English was the key to the international currencies of technology and commerce
*Oil crises (1970)