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18th century cultural debate
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It was mainly through the coffeehouses that public opinion and journalism began to evolve.
"The Spectator"
- It was published daily except for Sunday
- 555 issues published since March 1711 to December 1712
- "Mr Spectator" commented all the customs and morals and the vices and virtues of the society of the time
- Simple and clear style
- Destined to the middle class
- Literary and society newspaper
- Published since 1709 to 1711
- Originally published twice a week
- After 1711 the founder, Richard Steele,gave up the magazine and co-founded "The Spectator with Joseph Addison
Newspapers & Journalism
Two men contributed to the rise of journalism: Joseph Addison and Richard Steele.
- Italian newspaper founded by Pietro Verri and published since June 1764 to May 1766
- Enlightenment thought
- Published every 10 days
- Modelled on Addison's paper and was menat to serve the same purposes
"Il Caffè"
- 1747-55, the first dictionary of the English language
- Included all English words, excluding only technical and vulgar ones, but admitted many scientific expressions, like medical or botanical ones
- A lot of words were provided with their own etymology
Samuel Johnson's dictionary
founder of "The Tatler"
founder of "The Spectator"
Today's British newspapers
"Quality press"
Daniel Defoe
The spread of journalism
"Popular press"
The quality press usually deal with domestic and international views, but also with sports, cultural events, financial and travel news, book and film reviews.
Popular presses are smaller and are characterized by large headlines and ig photographs. They deal with sensational events and have a more colloquial language.
worry politicians
who were afraid that the masses could somehow reach the power
New limitations
(special paper)
increasing of the price
lose a large number of readers
English journalists fought to defend liberal principles, crashing with the Parliament.
new means of expressions
- meeting places attended by men
- a box number for the advertisers
The spread of cultural debate
During 17th century
The phenomenon was linked to
- the Enlightenment
- the affirmation of rationalistic ideas
circulation of ideas
increase in the publication of journals and pamphlets
England was the first country where journalism became a free profession
The first periodical was published in London, and the first daily newspaper however appeared in Germany.
The modern periodical took shape in the first half of 18th century in England, although it was different than the previous political journals, it was aimed to the middle class