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by Emani Street3 views·Updated Apr 8, 2022
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  1. Hello. My name is Amani Street and my name is Kiana Wimberly
  2. and our topic is antiviral agents.
  3. What our antivirus
  4. antiviral medications help the body fight off harmful viruses.
  5. The drug can ease symptoms and shorten the length of a viral infection.
  6. Antivirals also lower the risk of getting or spreading viruses
  7. that can cause herpes. And HIV
  8. one approved antiviral treats the coronavirus that causes
  9. Covid 19
  10. who created antiviral drugs
  11. grew trade
  12. Richard Elian.
  13. When news broke in April that the drug remdesivir had
  14. been shown to speedy recovery and patients hospitalized with COVID-19
  15. Anthony director of the US National Institute of Allergy and infectious diseases,
  16. held the findings as an important proof of concept
  17. in the race to bring the pandemic to heal.
  18. Unlike a vaccine which prompts the body
  19. to mount a defense against invading viruses.
  20. Remdesivir is an anti drug
  21. which helps hampers the ability of the virus to replicate and spread.
  22. For now, results related to remdesivir are mixed.
  23. Although some studies continues to suggest the drug can improve outcomes for
  24. patients with severe forms of COVID-19 still only a few decades ago,
  25. most scientists
  26. would doubt such a thing.
  27. Now. Antivirals are used to treat herpes, Hepatitis HIV Ebola and more
  28. and arguably none would exist today
  29. if it were not for Richard
  30. Trudy
  31. Elian,
  32. how do anti viral medications work?
  33. Anti viral medications work differently depending on the drug
  34. and various types
  35. I mean and virus types.
  36. Antivirals can block receptors.
  37. Cell viruses can't bind to and enter healthy sales boost
  38. the immune system helping get fighting off a viral infection
  39. and lower the viral load
  40. which is the amount of active virus in the body.
  41. So how does the virus work?
  42. The way in which a virus works is through steps of attachment membrane fusion,
  43. endorse atrocious replication assembly and budding and then viral envelope.
  44. The virus begins by attaching to the wholesale,
  45. endures the process of membrane fusion and endo psychosis to enter the sale.
  46. It then invades the nucleus of a sale and releases its own R. N. A.
  47. From here it uses organelles within the cell to replicate.
  48. Its RNA viral particles are produced destroying the sale and the
  49. virus are released into the body to continue the process.
  50. So what is the body's first defense?
  51. The innate immune system which is the level one defense
  52. of the body includes physical barriers such as tears,
  53. sweat, saliva and mucus produced by the skin and mucosa lining.
  54. So what does the body do once? The level one defense doesn't work.
  55. Mucous tissues and organs inside the body are
  56. lined with a protective substance called mucus.
  57. Mucus plays an important role in the protection of epithelial cells from
  58. invading pathogens in the respiratory gastrointestinal
  59. visual and auditory systems of animals.
  60. Mucus is the major component of mucus.
  61. Our family of high molecular weight black oh proteins
  62. produced by the epithelial tissues in both vertebrates and invertebrates
  63. mutants are able to form a gel like
  64. barrier to protect sales from viral attachment and have
  65. been shown to form a shield to trap viral particles such as HPV with sizes as little of
  66. 50 nm as well as HIV,
  67. which is 120 nanometers and H. S. V, which is 180 nanometers.
  68. Porcine gastric mucus may be used as
  69. antiviral agents for future biomedical applications.
  70. So what are some examples of medications and their targets? HIV
  71. HIV medications use protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors,
  72. antagonists and post attachment inhibitors.
  73. Protease inhibitors slow the emergence of resistant virus and inhibits the
  74. viral enzymes involved in the synthesis of new viral particles.
  75. Fusion inhibitors worked while blocking the HIV virus from
  76. entering human cells and antagonists and post attachment inhibitors
  77. which are used together block different types of
  78. molecules on the immune cells surface to prevent
  79. HIV from entering the sales and blocks the ability of the HIV virus to replicate.
  80. Another example of a medication and its target would be the flu.
  81. The flu, which is formally known as influenza, is a directly replicated virus.
  82. It's method is to make proteins to form new viral particles.
  83. Oh, sell tomato beer, which is
  84. an active medication
  85. works against both influenza A and influenza B.
  86. It is a drug classified as inhibitors of neuro many days.
  87. A glycoprotein on the surface of the
  88. influenza virus inhibition of neuraminidase activity,
  89. decreases the release of virus from infected cells,
  90. increases the formation of viral aggregates
  91. and decreases the spread of the virus through the body
  92. When taken within 30 hours of infection.
  93. This medication has the ability to shorten the
  94. duration of infection as well as relief symptoms.
  95. RSV
  96. RSV which stands for respiratory symptoms, virus sink tissue virus.
  97. It's a potentially fatal lower respiratory disease and Children.
  98. The only pharmacological therapy available for treatment
  99. of the infection is the nuclear side analog
  100. ribavirin,
  101. which can be administered orally
  102. or by inhalation.
  103. ribavirin must also be activated by false correlation. In order to be effective.
  104. An injectable humanized monoclonal antibody is available for prevention
  105. of RSV infection and high risk infants and Children.
  106. It provides passive immunity and must be given by
  107. intra muscular injection once a month during the RSV season
  108. interference
  109. interference represent
  110. a group of non specific antiviral proteins
  111. produced by wholesales in response to viral
  112. infections as well as in response to the injection of double stranded RNA.
  113. Some protocol and bacterial components and other chemical substances
  114. interfere.
  115. Our results in the production of a protein that prevents the
  116. synthesis of viral components from the viral nucleic acid template.
  117. The interference are of interest because
  118. they have a broad spectrum antiviral activity
  119. and because they can be used to inhibit the growth of cancer tissue.
  120. However, the use of interference is limited by adverse effects.
  121. A relative lack of efficacy and the
  122. requirement for local and intravenous administration.
  123. In conclusion,
  124. current development of broad spectrum antiviral agents targeting viral
  125. infectivity and modulating host defense system has substantially advanced
  126. the field of virology and pharmaceutics and significantly significantly
  127. contributed to the health care of human and animals.
  128. However,
  129. there are concerns of viral resistance
  130. associated with agents targeting viral components
  131. and non specific side effects
  132. associated with agents targeting cellular machineries
  133. accordingly. How to reduce viral resistance and increase drug specifically are
  134. current challenges to be addressed.
  135. Whether combined uses of agents to target
  136. both viral components and cellular machineries may approve
  137. antiviral efficacy,
  138. reduce viral resistance and minimize toxicity in the control of
  139. viral infection and epidemic viral diseases needs to be clarified.
  140. Thank you.