Chapter 21

Okay, this lecture is over Chapter 21.

This is a long chapter.

So we're going to hit a couple highlights from each little section

and move forward.

That way, we're going to start with neo classicism and romanticism.

Neoclassical style evolved during napoleon's empire and it

continued on after he fell from power.

Um It was felt that great art can only be made from great subject matter.

So they pulled from subject matters of history and the

bible neoclassicism was going to be characterized by clean contours,

clean colors and precise craftsmanship.

Um The first neoclassical painter was David. He was the french court painter.

He painted the Death of Marriage that you have seen previously.

Um And Congress um English was one of David's students um ingress

actually painted the image that you see here on the left.

Um He replaced David after napoleon fell from power

um and went into exile.

So this piece is jupiter and Thetis,

it's drawn from Homer's Homer's iliad um fetuses pleading to

jupiter to save her son Achilles in the trojan war.

You have Juno in the background.

This painting shows clear lines.

It's got the clean colors that we were talking about.

It's very precise in its craftsmanship.

Um English is more known for his nudes um nowadays,

but he valued paintings um such as this due to their subject matter and there um

how they pertain to history.

The next dominant trend after neoclassicism is going to be romanticism.

Um The image on the right is gonna fall

under that romanticism aspect is the women of Algiers.

Um so based on a more more of an attitude and

characteristic it rebels against the 18th century age of reason.

Romanticism is going to be more emotion intuition,

more experience and imagination.

Um If you can think of Goias execution or Delacroix's

Liberty,

um Dell'acqua spent several months in North Africa and

he used that to inspire many of his paintings.

Um So like I said, the Women of Algiers, this is Delacroix's painting,

it portrays the scene, most men do not get to see um specifically european men.

Um This painting is more painterly,

it's more free than english is jupiter and Thetis,

the contours are blurred, the colors are more broken. Um It lets you into a

a scene,

it lets you experience something that you would not typically get to experience.

Um and that is what falls under romanticism.

So after romanticism we fall into realism,

This painting is a burial at Dornan's.

Um This is an example of realism,

realism rose against neo classicism and romanticism.

It wanted to depict the everyday, ordinary scenes instead of history and heroics.

This painting is by Corbet, it was accepted into the Salon in 1850.

Um admirers believed that it was the first masterpiece of the realism era.

Uh those who hated it were deeply offended by its refusal to

beautify the scenes and its monumental size. This piece was

extremely large.

Um He ended up in jail for two years after getting

in an uprising in paris and then he fled to Switzerland.

Um but this piece specifically.

Um they did not appreciate the subject matter, They didn't like idealizing um

those every ordinary day scenes. Um

It was kind of a shift from what they were used to.

So it was a very difference, very different in what they were

wanting to admire.

Um Next up we go into Impressionism,

so particularly in France artists submitted their works

to be considered by an official jury.

Um if it did not can fit that conservative style,

um it was not chosen by the salon and it was rejected.

Um

The salon was kind of the end all be well.

Um if you wanted your pieces exhibited, you had to go through the salon.

Um typically, but in 18 63 almost 3000 paintings were rejected,

which led to the Salon des refuse a

um So Ayman was,

I'm sorry. Among them was Manet. Um and this piece in the top left hand corner.

Um This was his attempt to update to famous works by Titian and Raphael.

Uh They thought it was making a mockery of the masters.

So historians still debate exactly what he meant by the painting.

Um The models are a little bit odd. The perspective is off.

So all of these combined,

made his painting a Touchstone for modern art.

Um So after the Salon refusal show many

artists started entering other types of exhibits.

Um So when I referred to the Salon refusal show um like I said,

if you could not get into the salon,

you had to wait an entire year before you could submit your work again.

Um And a group of artists like Monet Degas Renoir. Um They didn't want to wait.

They visit, they couldn't wait.

They had to sell their paintings, they wanted to get their paintings seen,

they needed to sell them and make money and take care of their families.

Um So they kind of all pulled their money together and held a show

um all on their own. They rented out a photographer studio. They held the show.

Um and it was kind of a big

a big thing.

Nowadays we wouldn't think anything of people

just putting their own show together,

but during this time it was just unheard of and it created a lot of, lot of uproar.

Um So like I said after the salon refusal show,

many artists started entering other types of exhibits.

Um So the top right hand corner, this is an image by Monet, It was present.

Um and it was critiqued to identify exactly what the new paintings had in common.

Um They were capturing an impression.

Um so one of the critiques actually came in

and they referred to it as an impressionist exhibit,

hence the name, Impressionism. Uh They they took this name and they ran with it.

So

typically an impression an artist would go out, they would sketch

a landscape or some outdoor scene that they wanted

and then they would take it into their salon,

sorry, their studio and that's where they would work on it.

Um So

prior to this time an impression was like a preliminary sketch.

It wasn't a finished artwork.

So the fact that these artists were putting what they would consider an

impression into a show and trying to pass it off as something as

um special as the pieces that we just

saw from neoclassicism and romanticism was just nuts.

Um So this piece is actually where the name came from.

Um So this movement, Impressionism, it took the painting outdoors.

So people are no longer taking this impression and going back into their studios.

They are just setting up shop outside and they

were painting the landscape and what they see.

Um They focused on how the light affected

um

The shadows, like the playing of the light on the water.

They took in different atmospheric anomalies like rain, cloudy days,

really sunny days.

Um They were really interested in catching

these fleeting moments of atmospheric um encounters.

So Monet actually painted this image from a rowboat.

So as he floated past the city, he's painting just as quickly as he can.

Um He actually removed black from his color palette.

So all of the shadows that you see on this piece are going to be

very deep greens are very very deep blues. Um

Black was not typically used in his paintings.

Um So the painting on

the bottom right hand side. Um This is Byron wall and this shows something very new.

Um This is gonna be how the light comes through the trees um

and how it kind of apples onto the ground and on the people.

Um you can actually see the real strong highlights of the

of the sun coming through.

Um the guy in the foreground that's sitting on the chair,

you can actually see on the back of his jacket,

those little polka dots um that is the

light coming through the trees and hitting him.

If you look throughout the painting,

you'll find these little sunlight polka dots all over.

Um and that's what gives that effect of their under these trees

there in the shadows but they're still getting sunlight hit on them.

Um So light moves like Monet renoir captured these optical sensations.

Um He did that through fluid brushstrokes a light and color palette and he colored

the shadows. Um There's not really a strong black in his piece either.

Um The bottom left hand side is a summer's day.

This is by Morisot, Morisot is another founding of Impressionism.

Um She's actually one of the few that were female.

Um So after receiving private art lessons, she took a strong interest in painting,

she exhibited nine paintings in the first impressionist exhibit.

Um This piece is very typical of Morrison's style.

She had a very light color palette and her brushstrokes were very, very free.

Um Typically a female painter during this time painted what

they were able to see or encounter and experience.

So a lot of female painters um

did scenes of domestic life like with a mother and child.

Um There's a few

anomalies to this, this painting being one of them,

but it's all leisure activities um that middle class leisure um enjoyable times.

It's not that everyday life, it's kind of

elevated.

Um

So after Impressionism that is going to lead us into post Impressionism,

So post Impressionism admired many aspects of Impressionism um but they

have their specific styles which caused them to be grouped together.

So you have um Sarah van Gogh Gorgon Cezanne.

Um gagan actually traveled to the islands of the

pacific which inspired a lot of his art.

The image on the right hand side is one of dragon's piece pieces.

Um So along with the qualities of Impressionism, he added flattened forms.

He had broad color areas and strong outlines.

Um He used tertiary color harmonies and he

focused more on exotic subject matter.

Um So this piece is from his first visit to Tahiti.

Um He believes the obsession with greek and roman art had just ran its course

and he was looking for a new inspiration which he found during his travels.

Um The image on the left is from season.

So unlike dragon, he season actually found his inspiration very close by.

So he found it in the south of France.

Um this is an underlying geometry, it was created through hundreds of small,

vivid little patches of paint.

Um so it has structural lines that are echoed throughout his artwork.

So after post Impressionism, we move into fauvism, expressionism and cubism.

So the bottom left hand image in 1905 and

exhibit was held in Paris that created Fauvism.

Fauvism refers to wild beasts. So the leader of this art style is going to be matisse.

So this particular piece, you have a pink sky, yellow earth,

you have orange foliage, blue and green tree trunks.

Um and fauvism color was freed from its natural role.

You didn't have to follow what you typically see. Um Fauvism did not last long.

It was roughly 4 to 5 years.

However, it was a crucial aspect in the development of modern art.

Um so the image right above it, top left hand corner.

So fauvism helped artists feel that they weren't confined to

use real colors as they were found in nature.

They were influenced by expressionism. Um

they were able to really push it further.

So expressionism is when an artist takes his feelings.

Um and they let that take precedent over the

the observation of the object.

Um So Kandinsky was a Russian painter

who believed arts spiritual and communicative power

um could be found in its lines and its forms and its colors.

Um he was one of the first painters to eliminate representation altogether.

Um so specifically he says that he was inspired by

a painting he didn't recognize in his own studio.

So, a piece that he had painted,

he did not even recognize what it was because it was upside down.

And that kind of

made his brain click that he believed the subject matter

was incidental informs and color could impact the soul.

You didn't have to have a strong

specific subject matter.

Um The far right hand side is gonna be by Picasso.

So, while Kandinsky was working with color,

Picasso was concentrating on representing form and space.

Um so in this piece, particularly Picasso was experimenting with several ideas.

He includes nontraditional elements.

He emerges the figure with the ground

and he used fragmentation of the figure. He breaks this up.

So, although Picasso is considered the founder of Cubism,

he worked with Brock from 1909 and 19 and by 1910,

their styles had almost became identical and interchangeable if you will.

Um brock was influenced by Cezanne and this piece here in the middle.

Um he creates a man playing the guitar,

but it's broken up into geometric shapes and it's fully cubist.

Um the psychological merging of real and not real

would have been important implications for later artwork.

So after

this, we moved into

dada and surrealism.

Um So on the left hand side, this is called fountain.

Um So America's most famous dot est is Marcel Duchamp. Ah he created ready made art.

So ready made art is not art the artist creates, but it designates

so this

peace is a porcelain urinal.

It was entered in the new york art exhibition under the name of our mutt.

Um So when they put on this exhibition,

the organizer said that all art would be accepted.

So he said,

let's see if we can really do this. And so he wanted to challenge them.

So he goes out, finds a urinal and puts it into the exhibit.

So from this, a ton of philosophical questions were asked revolving around art.

Chapter 21

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