On the Origins of the 2014 EBOV Outbreak

Hey, guys.

I thought the best way to answer your questions would

be, ah, via video again and using the power point

when applicable.

Ah, so thank you so much fur bearing through that

presentation. I know it was a little bit rushed, and

I agree.

It was it was a lot of data, and I'm

not great with brevity.

Eso I'm gonna try to answer your questions concisely, and

I will, uh, we have several videos, hopefully shorter replies

instead of doing one lung, you know, 15 minute reply.

Uh, so I kind of want to start with something

that I just find really, really cool just because I

was sad that this didn't get to make it in

time. A presentation?

Um, but, uh, Ebola doesn't actually kill you via via

the infection.

It's not the virus itself that kills you.

It's your body's response to the virus.

It's that site a crane storm.

Um, And as the virus enters, ah, a cell, especially

the incident presenting 100 excels.

The cells will die, and it's it's the response to

massive cell death that launches the Sadiq rainstorm.

Um, in your immune system responds super firmly to Ebola

and something that's actually really cool is some hemorrhaging you

see is through Lee he blood vessels.

And if you'll recall some of your earlier immunology class,

is that I'm sure we probably have all taken at

this point to get here.

You have that process of Lupus, a rolling and extract

ization. And, um, that's a huge part of your immune

response rate.

So So these cells die and they release their contents,

and that triggers an immune response.

And so, um, these other immune effect your souls will

want to get to sites of infection.

Um, and so the blood vessels become very, very young.

This is just one of the many ways that the

patients will possibly from a virus.

Um, and I say money, ways meaning, Ah, the cider

concern is really complex on.

And so it's not just the process of extra visitation

and, um, and hype over.

We make shock that will, that will kill you.

It's ah, it's amore involved process.

But ah, I think are you with the cool thing

about this virus is that it doesn't Ah, it doesn't

till the people that get it the, uh um like

the pathogen isn't responsible for death.

I'm your own immune system does way more damage than

the virus actually could.

Uh, So I was asked about some background about the

virus, which I didn't have time to cover in my

presentation. Um, but we'll do it now.

So, uh, just so we're all kind of aware, I'm

sure that we are.

We know that it's ah is a class.

Probably at this point given how much this is about

in the news that it's a hemorrhagic fever and that

it ah has depending upon Ah, the strain of the

virus has Ah, very, very high fatality rate.

Um, and symptoms include headache, fever, joint pain, muscle aches

And then the bleeding from the new coastal surfaces comes

obviously later because Syrian system needs time to mount that

say that kind of response.

So and then I believe it.

Waas Was it Paul that us who gets it?

Thanks. Ah, yes.

How it spreads from host to host.

Thank you, Paul.

So I will come back to this.

Ah, so it's very rare, but it's endemic to regions

of Africa where it soon on a coaster found so

Macaws, fruit bats several other species of primate may carry

Ebola virus is, uh, and anyone who comes into contact

with, ah, with bodily fluids of an infected person.

So sweat, mucus, blood, tears, urine lives in faeces, saliva,

vomit. It's breast milk or sweat.

Um, and anybody that comes into contact with the virus

through those methods is at risk of of getting the

virus, Um, there to sort of three Interesting, uh, elaborations

I wanna I wanna make on that one is that,

uh it's very easy for, ah, somebody caring for an

infected person to touch a bodily fluid and then inadvertently

touch a mucous membrane, their eyes, their nose or their

mouth. I'm sure that we're all aware by this point

is we're trying to avoid transmission of of Cove in

19 of the Corona virus to ourselves.

That it's it's very hard not to touch your eyes,

your nose, your mouth and you do it almost unconsciously.

So, um, you know, it seems like when I say

that like, it's simple, just don't hurt your mucous membranes.

But we all know I think by now that that's

very tough.

Additionally. Ah, you can get micro abrasions and your skin

just by scratching or shaving.

Or there's there's lots of small ways to get their

small micro abrasions, um, that you can generate, and then

the virus can enter through those those micro abrasions.

Sorry, my cat is interrupting.

Uh, so, uh, I think that's really interesting, because you,

that's the disease.

Has to get through that one of those in need

barriers with just the skin.

Right? It has license.

I'm on it.

The skin is very acidic.

Ah, your mucous membranes have license.

I'm but, um, but the virus can get through these

defenses through through just micro abrasions.

Um, and enter Enter the body that way.

Ah, so that's, uh, something that I didn't really know,

I guess when I thought about when I was thinking

about cuts in our skin, I was thinking also then

that you could see.

But I started thinking about this a lot when he

realized that there were a lot of micro abrasions that

you could obtain that you would have have no idea,

uh, that you have.

So that's how the disease is transmitted.

Just that's for Paul.

And then I believe you asked Ah, how the virus

is classified.

Yeah, so um, it's ah, single stranded Arnie virus.

So minus.

Is this iron A virus?

And Lacey.

So you asked me.

Ah, how What was the question here?

So do I think that Ebola cases that are seen

today would be another subsection, or do I think they

would be closely related to the 2014 Ebola outbreak type?

Um, so there are a couple of things I want

to mention, uh, one is that it's maybe see if

we can get to this file.

A genetic tricks.

I think that'll answer your question pretty well.

So this is a rooted tree.

Oh, I wish I could zoom in on that a

little more.

Oh, I can't.

Okay, um, so if we take a look, we see

the outbreaks in Jenny and Sierra Leone, which are?

We're related, uh, stump from Ah, the 2004 outbreak.

It's that in this Oh, I don't think you can

see it.

Which is a bummer.

But there was a 2004 outbreak.

Let me see if there's another tree.

Ah, here we go.

Um, you can see that the most, uh, reason common

ancestor for this virus was was the 2004 outbreak on.

And so there's a very didn't direct connection that these

researchers have established between recent outbreaks and recent prior outbreaks.

So while I can't answer your question definitively without data,

right, because just because something originates closely in time, you

would think that the most parsimonious explanation would be the

most applicable on Dhe, something that's emerged relatively recently following

a lot of personality would would require a few issues

like changes and be the more likely candidate.

Uh, but that's not always the case, so I can't

answer the questions definitively, but, um, but I can say

that you can see here in this graph that ah,

in 2004 that was sort of the most recent common

ancestor for ah, this 2014 outbreak.

Um, and so it's very possible.

And if I remember correctly in the news, it it

appears that, um, the very shortly after being declared outbreak

free, ah, more outbreaks of Ebola cropped up.

So ah, depending on where they originated, they very well

could have had a common ancestor come.

But it's important to note that, um, that it's transmitted

zoona tickly initially to human hosts.

So That doesn't necessarily mean it's the case.

I think that it's possible, but to answer your question,

I can't know for sure.

On the Origins of the 2014 EBOV Outbreak

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