World War I

Hey, all in.

Welcome back, Mr Kent.

Here with Part three of three on World War One.

If you haven't watched the videos for part one and

part two, please go back and watch those before getting

into this one.

Let's go ahead and jump right into Part three.

One of the key things that we want to, as

historians focus on in any war, is how that war

effects life at home.

And that's what we want to start with right here.

There are going to be some major social and economic

impacts because of World War 11 of them is what

becomes known as the Great Migration.

This is a massive internal migration.

So within the country movement of African Americans from the

South to the North African Americans were moving north in

order to try to get the new jobs.

Working in armaments factories in um in the factories in

the north.

That North word movement of African Americans caused them to

be met with increased racial tensions in the north, Um,

which will actually eventually lead Thio what becomes known as

the red summer some major race riots also African Americans,

did serve in segregated units during the war through, you

kind of zoom in here.

On this map, you can see these kind of faded

arrows showing the movement of many African Americans from the

South where there they were Mawr, densely located because of

slavery in the previous generations, are moving north to cities

like Chicago, New York, Detroit, Um, really kind of creating

the demographics in which we see today women are gonna

also have some major changes take place as a result

of the first World War.

They're gonna enter the workforce filling many of the jobs

that the men who were drafted into the war had

left behind.

This increased role in the economy for women is going

to accelerate their push for what's known as women's suffrage

or the right to vote.

So as women enter the workforce more, that becomes a

stronger push to, um, get women the right to vote

nationwide as a Federal amendment to the Constitution, which finally

happens. The 19th Amendment has passed in 1920 women universally

get the right to vote.

Yeah, the people at home during the First World War

were heavily influenced by an organization known as the Committee

on public information.

It was headed up by George Creel, and they created

all sorts of propaganda.

They would use famous vaudeville actors.

They created posters and pamphlets.

Propaganda, which is a really key term, is information that

is spread with the intention of influencing people to think

and or do something.

Here is an example of a propaganda poster.

This particular poster targeted women, and they're the main goal

of this was to get, um, you know, anybody but

particularly women who are at home during the war to

raise their own food.

Plant gardens, raise your own food.

Um, with the idea that by requiring less food to

feed the people at home, there would be mawr.

Resource is that could be devoted to the production of

food and weapons for use and the war.

We're gonna see some MAWR.

Things take place at home, something that will often happen

in American history.

This is a trend that we see over and over

during times of war, people's civil liberties become restricted.

We're going to see a couple of important laws passed

during World War One.

One of them is the espionage of Act of 1917.

They made it illegal to speak out against the war

or the military.

This seems to conflict with the First Amendment that says,

Freedom of speech.

However, we'll get to that in just a moment.

Another law that will be passed is the Sedition Act

of 1918.

These two laws are often referred to and discuss.

Together. They made it illegal to speak out against the

actions of the United States government.

Again, this seems very contradictory to that First Amendment, which

grants freedom of speech and in a very famous court

case of Shang first, the United States, which goes all

the way to the Supreme Court.

It was ruled by the Supreme Court at this time

that the government does have the right toe limit free

speech during times of war if that speech creates what

they ve very famously said.

Clear and present danger.

If your speech makes a dangerous situation, the government has

the right to restrict it.

So free speech that First Amendment actually does have some

restrictions. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes very famously said

his analogy was, You can't yell fire in a crowded

theater if there's not a fire that would create a

dangerous situation.

People potentially stampeding and running over one another.

To try to get toe exits is the analogy that

he uses.

We also do see George Creoles committee on Public Information,

using propaganda to make sure that people supported the war

for war's or unpopular countries.

Air, not ableto wage them.

And if the country is going to goto war, it

is critical to that for that country's interest that they

try to win the war.

Here we see some of the protests in this particular

when we actually see women who are becoming more politically

involved. Um, during this time period, as they enter the

workforce and the women's rights movement and the push for

women to get the right to vote, increase their level

of political activity.

Here we see a couple of women pro testing the

fact that some people were actually ending up in prison

for speaking out against the war, which they felt was

not a war, that the United States should be a

few more changes that are going to take place at

home as a result of World War One and the

previous video we had talked about the Communist revolution the

Russian Revolution that took place starting in 1917 in the

United States.

That revolution is going to fuel what becomes known as

the Red Scare, the first of two red scares that

will take place in the United States.

The Red Scare, which will start taking place in 1919

is a anti communist hysteria.

Hysteria is a kind of overwhelming fear that will take

place before World War One ended.

The fear was against the United States main enemy Germans.

That's going to very quickly shift to anti Communist fear.

And this is also going to fuel something known as

xenophobia, which is fear of immigrants, many poor immigrants.

We're more interested in the ideas of communism or, more

likely, to join labor unions, which would fight for workers

rights, which many people felt was kind of leading along

the slippery slope towards communism.

So Americans were going to start to restrict even mawr

civil liberties about what political ideals one can have and

and discuss and speak about.

As a result of this red scare and of feeding

off of that red scare, Attorney General Mitchell Palmer will

carry out what become known as the excuse me the

Palmer raids was going to start happening right after the

end of World War One are going to be these

mass arrests of anarchists, which are people who believe in

there should be no government socialists who are people that

believe the government should control more parts of the industry.

Maybe not all the way to communism, but still a

lot more government control and labor union leaders, People who

would agitators stir labor?

Uh, Pinto wanting to potentially go on strike many of

these people who are arrested, um, there the government and

the Palmer raids has very little evidence against them.

On the Palmer raids are going to be a response

to a series of bombs which are set off in

the mail would show up at the homes of some

prominent political figures and judges.

Many of these people are going to end up with

limited to no evidence against them being deported from the

United States because of this fear of anarchy and communism

spreading through the country.

Here is a political cartoon which, you know would influence

people's ideas towards thes things in this particular cartoon weaken.

See somebody hiding under the American flag.

You have to look really closely.

But on this on his hat, it actually says Reds,

which is the nickname for the Communist on the Russian

Revolution. There were a couple of groups that fought against

one another.

The winning group, The Communist.

Their nickname was the Reds.

So red becomes a nickname for Communist, which will stick.

And in his right hand there you can see a

night that said knife.

Excuse me.

That says Bolshevism, Which is this another term for communism

and in his left hand we can see anarchy on

fire looks like potentially.

It might be catching the American flag on fire.

So this cartoonist is trying to say that these ideas

of communism and anarchy and Bolshevism are going to burn

the United States down.

The Spanish flu epidemic will also sorry.

Script head.

Spanish flu epidemic of 1918 and 1919 will kill millions

of people worldwide, and it's about 100 years prior to

the co vid pandemic, which has just hit the United

States. Okay, after the armistice assigned, now the question becomes,

How is peace going to be established?

President Woodrow Wilson proposes 14 points to peace.

We're gonna focus on a few of them.

He looked at a lot of the causes of World

War One, and the reason is the United States got

involved and tried to address those directly.

Wilson's 14 points they're gonna say no more secret alliances

or treaties.

Freedom of the seas to engage in commerce and trade.

No more of these spheres of influence which relates to

the imperialism.

Those European countries had controlled massive spheres all around the

world, gnome or, um, massive build up of militaries.

He's going to call for a arms or armaments reduction

for all nations and many of those countries that controlled

colonies. He wanted those to be, um, fairly adjusted.

So those a lot of those colonies really should be

allowed. Thio govern themselves, and he also called for And

this will be incredibly, um, controversial.

A League of Nations, which is an international organization of

countries that will come together to try to maintain peace

across the world.

So here we have a little new paper clipping.

Um, Wilson asked for these 14 points to be considered.

Now he's going to go over to France, where the

treaty will actually be signed.

However, Many of these other countries, like Britain and France,

are gonna have some very different ideas about how things

should be ended.

Ultimately, what's going to happen at the Treaty of Versailles

are massive punishments will be, um, placed on Germany, who

had actually asked for the Army system.

They're going to lose their colonies.

The mandate system will take Germany's colonies away.

Germany is going to be disarmed and have their military,

um, force and their right to have a military taken

away from them.

They're going to have to an article to 31 admit

that World War One was their fault and they're gonna

have to pay massive amounts of money known as reparations

to the victorious countries.

This is very different than those ideas that Wilson had

proposed. However, Britain and France and those other countries who

had fought in World War One much longer wanted there

to be strict punishments.

The League of Nations will also be adopted in the

Treaty of Versailles.

Notice that all of these things are going to be

forced upon Germany which will, um, lead to some major

terms of events in the future that we will get

to here here Here.

We could see a political cartoonist, uh, kind of showing

what happened in Europe.

We see the you're the victorious European nations, kind of

carving up Germany and weakening and really economically destroying Germany

as a result of the treaty of their site.

Now, back in the United States, there's a major struggle,

er battle over whether or not the United States should

ratify the treaty emphasize there are a few groups to

focus on.

First President Woodrow Wilson was a Democrat.

Republicans were upset that there were no Republicans on that,

uh, kind of team that he brought with him to

negotiate the Treaty of Versailles.

There's two different groups of Republicans.

There are the reservationists, and these were people who have

some reservations about the treaty.

However, they are willing to make some changes.

Americans were really afraid of getting tied into Europe and

some kind of treaty and the other group are the

irreconcilables. These people are isolationists.

They wanted nothing to do with being an international treaty

with Europe, and they were completely opposed to that treaty.

The treaty will fail to be ratified.

The United States will never join the League of Nations

And here we see a political cartoon which is essentially

the United Shows, the United States Senate interrupting, um, President

Wilson's hope that the United States would join this League

of Nations as an international peacekeeping organization that sums up

World War One and hope you all enjoyed those videos.

We'll see you back.

World War I

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