Unheard Voices

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by Nico Paradis6 views·Updated Feb 25, 2021
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  1. hi, everyone.
  2. So, for my unheard voices literature review, I decided to
  3. look into the work of Anna Freud and Mamie Phipps.
  4. Clark, And I'm really excited to share with you all
  5. what I learned.
  6. So we'll start with Anna Freud.
  7. Yeah. So when you hear the name Anna Freud, Um,
  8. probably Sigmund Freud might come to mind, right?
  9. We often associate her with her with the work of
  10. her father.
  11. Um, but it's really important to remember that Anna Ford
  12. was a psychologist onda contributor to a modern day psychology
  13. in her own right.
  14. Um, and one might argue her.
  15. Her contributions were even more substantial than those of her
  16. father. So for one, she was the founder of sight
  17. of Child Psycho analysis.
  18. She also contributed substantially Thio the study of defense mechanisms
  19. and ego psychology.
  20. More than that, even beyond that, her advocacy work was
  21. really substantial.
  22. So she dedicated her life to the application of her
  23. theories. Her father, Although her work was built upon ah,
  24. lot of what her father had already done.
  25. It's important to remember that his work was largely theoretical,
  26. whereas hers was always very hands on.
  27. She, um, work directly with the Children that she studied.
  28. And she is also known for really getting like getting
  29. down on the ground with her kids, um, or with
  30. her with her patients, um, and and mimicking their behavior
  31. as a way to build trust.
  32. Um, trust the foundation of trust was really, really, really
  33. important for her.
  34. She believed that first of all, Children should not be
  35. psychoanalyzed prior to the age of six, but after that
  36. it was appropriate for them Thio for psycho analysis to
  37. be done dawn on them or worked with them, Um,
  38. but that the foundation of trust must be there.
  39. So there's a famous account of her, um, like showing
  40. closed for one of her patients.
  41. Dolls is a way to build trust and then, of
  42. course, mimicking their behavior.
  43. She also really was sort of a four founder of
  44. art therapy in many ways, because she believed in tthe
  45. e importance of allowing her her patients to draw or
  46. work with clay or move around freely, Um, when they
  47. were in a session.
  48. So then, in 1942 she opened the Hampstead nursery in
  49. London, um, with her partner, Dorothy Burling Ham.
  50. Um, after that that was that was in the height
  51. of the war, right?
  52. So, um, she that nursery, um, became like a home
  53. for many orphaned Children that were orphaned because of the
  54. war. And then she later served as the director A
  55. tw the Hampstead child therapy course and clinic all the
  56. way up until she passed at age 86.
  57. So her advocacy work never stopped.
  58. Not until she passed away it.
  59. Mhm fucking Okay, So next we're going to move on
  60. to Mamie Phipps.
  61. Clark and her work.
  62. Okay. Yeah.
  63. So maybe hips Clark is known, um, in conjunction with
  64. her husband, Kenneth Clarke.
  65. But her work alone, um, is extremely substantial.
  66. So it was actually just she who who had originally
  67. done the the infamous doll study the doll study, Um,
  68. was the study where she gave, um, black or African
  69. American Children wth e option to choose between a black
  70. doll or a white doll.
  71. And she found that the majority of them actually chose
  72. the white doll, which she attributed to their lack of
  73. self esteem and self self worth because of racism in
  74. America. So then, of course, she also worked with the
  75. self esteem of black youths and the inferiority complex.
  76. Many people think that she, um, conducted the doll study
  77. with her husband, Kenneth Clarke.
  78. And that's actually, um, not the case she completed.
  79. That work is part of her thesis project, um, for
  80. graduation from Howard University.
  81. So now, just like an employed, her advocacy work is
  82. really, really noteworthy in part of what sets her apart.
  83. Eso the doll study.
  84. That infamous doll study played a major role in on
  85. the evidence needed to win the case.
  86. Toe end segregation in public schools in the United States.
  87. Um, and that, of course, is the Supreme Court case
  88. of Brown versus Board of Education.
  89. Also in 1946 she opened the North Side Center for
  90. Child Development in Harlem.
  91. This was really, really, really huge.
  92. Um, Heil, um is a predominantly black on minority neighborhood
  93. in New York, and it its residents suffered from the
  94. inequities, um, brought brought forth by racism during that time.
  95. So her and her husband both tried really, really hard
  96. to get, um, psychologists and social workers to extend.
  97. Their service is into the Harlem neighborhood, and they just
  98. didn't have any luck.
  99. Nobody was willing to do that.
  100. So they decided Thio proactively open their own center, um,
  101. to serve that population.
  102. And she was the head of the center for 30
  103. years. So that's incredible.
  104. Yeah. So in conclusion, both we're both women, um, were
  105. incredible in their own right.
  106. They were extremely noteworthy psychologists, researchers and advocates, and they
  107. were often overshadowed by their male partners.
  108. If you were to search either of them online, you'll
  109. actually probably find more information about.
  110. And Kenneth Clarke husband or Sigmund Freud, of course.
  111. Um, and his father But they both contributed to the
  112. field of applied psychology on their own.
  113. And now we have references.
  114. Thanks so much.