Ecstasy

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by Armon Da Goat13 views·Updated Apr 11, 2022
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  1. Hello everyone.
  2. My name is Armand Barnes and today I will be
  3. presenting my final project on the psychoactive drug ecstasy.
  4. We will start by talking about the background of ecstasy,
  5. ecstasy can be called or recognized by other names such as malian speed.
  6. The real name of this drug actually is 34 methylene dioxin methamphetamine,
  7. otherwise known as M. D. M. A.
  8. Some history about the drug ecstasy is that
  9. it was initially popular in the nightclub scene.
  10. It was known as the party drug.
  11. It also is a synthetic chemical that is made in labs.
  12. So why do people use ecstasy?
  13. Ecstasy is like other stimulants and hallucinogens because it increases energy,
  14. pleasure and emotional warmth.
  15. So next we will talk about the pharmacogenetics factors of the drug.
  16. The route of administration of ecstasy is primarily oral.
  17. People usually take this drug in tablet or capsule form.
  18. An alternative route of administration is intra nasal
  19. which can be seen through snorting the powder form
  20. In terms of absorption.
  21. The Ecstasy is easily absorbed and users tend to feel the
  22. effects of the drug within 30-45 minutes of taking it.
  23. The absorption begins in the stomach.
  24. But most of the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intensity.
  25. No I was not able to find
  26. specific information regarding the bio availability of
  27. the drug and what other factors affected.
  28. However,
  29. we know since there is an oral route of administration that decreases the
  30. bio availability of the drug since it goes through first past metabolism.
  31. Now
  32. this figure represents the metabolism of ecstasy.
  33. Now it is a very complex process
  34. ultimately what she wants to know from this figure
  35. is that MDMA
  36. and M. D. A. Are metabolized by the enzymes
  37. Y. P. Two D. Six and C. O. M. T.
  38. And they are
  39. metabolized into for metabolites that are known to be excreted
  40. and urine in the form of conjugated glue, Corin I'd
  41. Or self eight metabolites.
  42. So,
  43. okay
  44. and also in terms of exploration,
  45. the drug ecstasy is eliminated from the body through first order
  46. elimination and the average half life of ecstasy is eight hours
  47. to begin with.
  48. For the mechanism of action of the drug,
  49. ecstasy interacts with three main neurotransmitters serotonin,
  50. dopamine and norepinephrine.
  51. So the question is how does ecstasy affect each other neurotransmitters?
  52. Ecstasy works as an agonist on each neurotransmitter.
  53. And if we zoom into our figure here,
  54. we can see the ecstasy indicated by e
  55. increases the release of the neurotransmitter serotonin indicated by us
  56. into the synapse and it also blocks the reuptake of neurotransmitters.
  57. Ecstasy also functions in an identical way on the neurotransmitters,
  58. dopamine and norepinephrine by entering through
  59. their specific transport proteins as well.
  60. And now talking about the behavioral effects of ecstasy.
  61. The overall mood changes in acute
  62. increase in positive effect.
  63. People who use ecstasy.
  64. Um
  65. Well these effects are due to increased amounts of serotonin and dopamine in the
  66. synapse and an increased amount of time
  67. that these neurotransmitters are inside the synapse
  68. and cognitive changes that occur acute impairments in cognition.
  69. These increase in serotonin leads to increased
  70. feelings of trust and closeness to others.
  71. These cognitive changes can often lead people to make bad decisions,
  72. such as having unsafe sexual encounters.
  73. Moving on to the abuse potential of ecstasy,
  74. ecstasy has been proven to be an addictive drug.
  75. Animals like rats will self administer ecstasy,
  76. which is an indicator of addictive potential
  77. tolerance can be shown by the difference between
  78. naive users and chronic users.
  79. Chronic users will often do something called stacking,
  80. which is known as taking multiple tablets or capsules
  81. at once to feel the effects of the drug.
  82. In terms of withdrawal,
  83. it does occur after consuming ecstasy and withdrawal symptoms include fatigue,
  84. loss of appetite, depression and trouble concentrating
  85. and finally, for physical dependence.
  86. Um the evidence shows that physical dependence of ecstasy is
  87. unlikely to occur because of the tolerance that I discussed before
  88. and finally for treatment.
  89. What should people do when they are addicted to
  90. ecstasy and what treatment will work best for them?
  91. Um There is evidence of individuals responding positive to behavioral therapy
  92. in helping their addiction to ecstasy.
  93. Okay,
  94. and that concludes my presentation on the psychoactive drug ecstasy.
  95. Thank you for watching