The Progressive Era (APUSH)
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Working Conditions
Consumer Protection
Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom
Conservation
The Square Deal
Control of Corporations
Taft and Progressivism
Progressivism
Grass roots movements
Response to the Gilded Age
National Progressivism
middle class urban movement
- The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 established the Food and Drug Administration
- Established all drugs contain labels identifying potentially harmful ingredients
- Made "misbranding" of food and drugs illegal
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
Unsafe Products
Rooted in Populism
Influenced by the Social Gospel
Meat Inspection Act
In 1906, the U.S. government created the Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA), which allowed government inspectors to supervise the sanitary conditions of meatpacking plants as well as inspect all livestock before and after slaughter.
Robert la Folette:
The Wisconsin Idea
Progressivism at the Local Level:
Goals of the Progressive Movement:
- Protecting social welfare
- Promoting moral improvement
- Creating economic reform
- Fostering efficiency
What united Progressives?
The government should be an agency of human welfare.
Political Progressivism
17th Amendment
The Senate was originally elected by state legislatures. The 17th Amendment required senators to be elected directly by the people.
The 16th Amendment
Ballot Initiatives
In 1913, the 16th Amendment was ratified, allowing Congress to levy an income tax. The federal income tax raised money for the expanding government. The first income tax in 1913, was a graduated tax.
Australian Ballot
Referendums
National Politics
Florence Kelley
Worker Safety
Progressives passed worker compensation laws. By 1916, two-thirds of all states had laws that helped workers hurt on the job.
- Florence Kelley persuaded Illinois to ban child labor in 1893.
- She helped found the National Child Labor Committee, which worked to ban child labor.
- By 1912, 39 states had passed child labor laws.
Keating-Owen Act
The Environment
Understanding the Growing Environmental Movement:
What is the difference between preservation and conservation?
In 1916, the federal government banned the sale of all goods made using child labor across state lines.
The act defined child labor as factories that employ children under the age of 14 or 16 year children working 8 hour shifts or more.
Teddy Roosevelt and Conservation
Protected 800,000 acres of the Grand Canyon
Antiquities Act (1906) - Empowered the President to protect prehistoric ruins and objects of scientific interest
Devils Tower
Muir Woods
Woodrow Wilson supported the creation of the National Parks Service, which managed all America's parks and ensured their preservation.
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President Teddy Roosevelt set aside 150 million acres of national forests and established the U.S. Forest Service.
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President Taft added
2.7 million acres to the National Wildlife Refuge System
Compulsory Attendance Laws
Conditions in Cities
Jane Addams and Hull House
Tenement House Act of 1901
Law requiring all tenement homes to be built with a central courtyard and have a bathroom in each apartment.
Jane Addams pushed for local government to take greater responsibility for trash collection.
Progressives fought hard for better sanitation and the creation of government agencies such as the Department of Street Cleaning
Business
Clayton Antitrust Act
Taft: The real trustbuster
Reforming the Banking System
Federal Reserve Act
Election of 1896