Timeline of Nursing Theory Development

1700's

1st Hospitals

1800's

Nightingale

1900-1920

1st Curriculum

developed

1920-1950

Curriculum Era

1950-1970

Research Era

1970's

Graduate Era

1980...

Theory Era

Timeline of Nursing Theory Development

Nursing: Who took care of the sick before nurses and hospitals were around? Pre 1700's:

Families took care of families

Specialization in communities (like lay midwives or someone who pulled bad teeth, not a dentist)

Religious organizations giving care to the poor; think of nuns and monks

Military caring for injured soldiers; many health advances have come out of wars over the years

First Hospitals Established in the US

Theory Era: 1980...

1950-1970 Historical Events

What Florence did for nursing:

Experiences of a World War II Nurse

Florence Nightingale: Listen Below.....

1. Established importance of the environment for patients' healing

2. She made a poor career into an honored and respected career

3. She was the first nurse theorist

4. She was the first nurse statistician

The title of the book is:

"Standard Curriculum for Schools of Nursing"

1736: Bellvue Hospital, NYC, NY

• Major development toward nursing theories
• Theories in nursing practice, administration, education, research, and further theory development
• Facilitated growth of nursing as a science due to theory embedding
• Early 1980's PhD programs flourished in several more schools

1950: 1st organ transplant

1952: Theorist: Peplau publishes

1960: Theorist: Henderson

1960's: Civil Rights Movement (1963)

1965: Medicare & Medicaid

1967: 1st heart transplant

Historical Events

1771: NY Presbyterian Hospital

Theorists

1751: Pennsylvania Hospital

Pittsburg, PA

1990's: Sheep Cloned

1990's: Healthcare costs 2x

rate of inflation

1981: Parse

1982: Pender

1984: Benner

Katherine Kolcaba 1994

Theory of Comfort

1988: Watson

Rozano Locsin 2005

Technological Competency

as Caring in Nursing

2000: Map Human Genome

1997: NLNAC Established

humanbecoming theory

Health Promotion Model

From Novice to Expert:

Acquisition of Nursing Knowledge

Voice Recording 1890

Biography 1820 - 1910

Theory of Human Caring

https://archive.org/stream/standardcurricul00nati#page/n0/mode/2up

1950: 1st Organ Transplant

1952: Peplau

1967: 1st Heart Transplant

1965: Medicare & Medicaid

1960: Civil Rights Movement (1963)

1960: Henderson

And WHAT is next in the world of nursing?

Spend a moment thinking about what is different in today's world of nursing from years past. What is the next step in nursing development and progression in the field? How will the future change because of nursing and nurses, our history combined with our future?

Think about it...because you are part of that future of nursing.

Florence Nightingale: London, England

Graduate Era: 1970...

Curriculum Era 1920-1950

1950-1970: Research Era

WW1 Influences on Standardized Curriculum

1820-1870: Industrial Revolution was occurring in England

• Standardized course of study for nurse practice and preparation begin
• Idea to move from hospital programs, to community colleges and universities goes forward

NLN involved in accreditation of BSN and masters programs, is pushing to use of nursing theory courses and research courses in graduate education

1860: Florence Nightingale

1923

1920

1922

Yale University - first autonomous school of nursing in the U.S. with its own dean, faculty, budget, and degree, meeting the standards of the university. Curriculum was based on an actual educational plan rather than on hospital service needs.

Insulin is Isolated

Women get the Right to Vote in the U.S.

Massachusetts General Hospital

1970: Abortion legalized 1976: Roy 1979: Watson 1979: Orem

Established in 1811

1900: 400-800 Schools of Nursing are now in the US

1917-1919: World War 1 happens; need for nurses increases even more

1917: First standardized curriculum for schools of nursing are developed

• More nurses begin seeking degrees from higher education
• Nurse educators and scholars push for research as the path to find new nursing knowledge
• Nurses begin to participate in research as part of their programs
• Research is included in study of graduate nursing programs

Nursing: had been a trade-based apprenticeship (go to a hospital and learn on the job)

• Hospital-based needs were addressed
• There was no nursing theory during this time. Any theory was borrowed from:
• social sciences
• biologic sciences
• medical science

World Events:

1920: U.S. women's voting rights

1922: Insulin isolated

1923: Yale (1st independent SON)

1929-1933: Great Depression

1928: Penicillin discovered

(but not used until 1941!!)

1943-1945: WWII

1929-1933

1928

1943-1946

The Great Depression occurs

Penicillin is Discovered (but not used until 1941)

Teaching Hospital of Harvard University

World War Two: increases need for nurses, then there is an excess of trained nurses after war ends

• 1873: First Nightingale Schools in U.S.
• 1893: pre-NLN was organized; 1912 NLN formed