The League of Nations

The League of Nations
The League of Nations
Established After WWI
Made to avoid total wars
WWI ended 28Th June 1919
LoN Ratified by 42 countries
First formal meeting in Geneva, November 15Th, 1920
Woodrow Wilson was one of the most important contributors


War
Imperialism
Disease
Death
Peace
Hope
Prosperity
Freedom
Free Trade
Independence
Prosperity
Equality

Disarmament

Presented LoN to the Paris Peace Conference in January, 1919. 32 countries including the “Big Four” (Britain, America, US and France) were at Paris for the conference
Central Powers not included
Last meeting held April 8, 1946

Members of The League
There were 58 members at the height of the League of nations but originally started with 42 countries of which 26 were not European.
By Filippo Manzini and Joseph Hilditch
Part 1
By Filippo Manzini
Structure and Success of the LoN
LoN made up of three main parts
The Council
The Secretariat
The General Assembly
Managed to keep up to their covenant in the 20s by settling disputes between countries:
Czechoslovakia and Poland (1920)
Greece and Bulgaria (1925)
Germany and Poland (1921)
Sweden and Finland (1921)
Turkey and Iraq (1924)

The Council
Four Permanent countries and four non-permanent
Settled international disputes
Had four ordinary sessions a year plus more meetings for other occasions.

The General Assembly
Agreed on Policy
Met once a year
Met in Geneva
"Palais Des Nations "
Delegates from every country
Passed Resolutions

Helped The Council and General Assembly with paperwork
Ranged from translations to registering agreements
1931, 707 members in the Secretariat
All appointed under the Secretary-General
3 Secretary-Generals from 1919 to 1946

The Secretariat

Many Policies based on Woodrow Wilson's 14 points
Some policies secured in covenants
Many policies not achieved because of a lack of power
America was not a member
Major powers would not give up their troops
No military meant no power to back their policies
Policies Included:
World Peace
One of their top priorities
It was written in their original covenant:
“Any war... is hereby declared a matter of concern to the whole league” (League of Nations, article 11)
Disarmament
Viewed weaponry as a bad thing
Wanted to lessen inequality in power
Open Politics
Everyone’s opinions would be heard
Greatly based on Wilson’s first point:
“Open covenants of peace... diplomacy shall proceed... in public views” (Wilson, 14 Points Speech)

Part 2: By Joseph Hilditch
Policies
Global Significance Throughout its existence
Although seen as a failure, the League did positively affect the world
It achieved in ending some disputes in various regions:
(See: Structure and Success of the League of Nations)
The league lit a spark for the United Nations

The league of nations fell because of a lack of power
America refused to join the League
major powers like Britain and France were not willing to give aid
No military power meant threat to other countries
Warring states did not fear the League, nor did they listen
even existing members started warring against one-another
When countries such as Japan, Russia, Italy and Germany began to leave, the League had very little support.
In the year 1496, the league dissolved itself

Reasons for the Fall of the League
Without the League, The United Nations would be very different in structure
The basic structure is based completely on the leagues structure
The G.A, the Security Council, and the Secretariat all derived from the League
“Many of the important humanitarian agencies now in existence have their origins in the work of the League of Nations” (The British Library, The League of Nations)
The International Labour Organization
The International court of Justice
The World Health Organization
Many of the UN’s policies are similar to that of the League of Nations
World Peace/ Security
Basic Human Rights
Disarmament (UNODA)
Open Politics

Effect on the UN
Works Cited:
Information
Works Cited
"Bodies, History, Visits, Employment, Address, Members, Budget, Information." UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/>.
"Convenant of the League of Nations." N.d. MS. Refworld. The League of Nations, 28 Apr. 1919. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <http://www.refworld.org/docid/3dd8b9854.html>.
Follett, Ken. Fall of the Giants. London: Macmillan, 2010. Print.
Follett, Ken. Winter of the World. New York: Dutton, 2012. Print.
"Histoire, ONU, Nations Unies, Charte, Chronologie." UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. <http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/index.shtml>.
"Introduction to the United Nations." Introduction to the United Nations. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <https://cyberschoolbus.un.org/unintro/unintro3.htm>.
"League of Nations Tags: Archives, History, Human Rights, International Law, International Organisation, League of Nations, Official Publications, Primary Sources, Treaties, United Nations, War Crimes ." Structure of the League of Nations. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <http://ox.libguides.com/lnstruc>.
"League of Nations Instituted." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/league-of-nations-instituted>.
"The League of Nations." International. The British Library, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. <http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/internat/theleagueofnations/leagueofnations.html>.
"The League of Nations." NZHistory, New Zealand History Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. <http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/league-of-nations>.
"League of Nations Secretariat, 1919-1946 (Fond)." League of Nations Secretariat, 1919-1946 (Fond). N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. <http://biblio-archive.unog.ch/detail.aspx?ID=245>.
"The League of Nations: Successes and Failures." Infoplease. Columbia University Press, 2012. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. <http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/league-nations-successes-failures.html>.
"League of Nations Timeline." League of Nations Timeline. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://worldatwar.net/timeline/other/league18-46.html>.
Oppenheim, L. (Lassa). The League of Nations and Its Problems; Three Lectures. London: Longmans, Green and, 1919. Print.
"President Woodrow Wilson's Address in Favour of the League of Nations, 25 September 1919." Interview. First World War.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. <http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/wilsonspeech_league.htm>.
"Quotes About World War I." (27 Quotes). N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/world-war-i>.
Richard, Katherine Shulz. About.com Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <http://geography.about.com/od/politicalgeography/a/The-League-Of-Nations.htm.>.
"Six Successes of the League in the 1920s." Six Successes of the League in the 1920s. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <http://www.johndclare.net/league_of_nations_TASIBO_VIMCOB.htm>.
"Student Notes." Paris Peace Treaty. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <http://www.johndclare.net/ToV1_IGCSEnotes.htm>.
"Timeline of World War One." Timeline of World War One. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2014. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/timeline_of_world_war_one.htm>.
"UN Office for Disarmament Affairs — Strengthening Peace and Security through Disarmament." UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. <http://www.un.org/disarmament/>.
"UNOG - The United Nations Office at Geneva." Where Global Solutions Are Shaped for You. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <http://www.unog.ch/80256EE60057D930/(httpPages)/02076E77C9D0EF73C1256F32002F48B3?OpenDocument>.
Wilson, Woodrow. "Speech on the Fourteen Points." Speech. Washington. 8 Jan. 1918. Web. 23 Jan. 2014.
"World War I and the League of Nations." American History. Boundless, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. <https://www.boundless.com/political-science/foreign-policy/history-of-american-foreign-policy/world-war-i-and-the-league-of-nations/>.
Images URLs
Part One

Part One: General Information:
League logo:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Symbol_of_the_League_of_Nations.svg
League building:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/UN_building,_Genevra.jpg
Part One: Members of the league:
Map of members:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/League_of_Nations_Anachronous_Map.png/800px-League_of_Nations_Anachronous_Map.png
Part One: League success:
Cartoon “Dog of War”
http://www.johndclare.net/images/sandiego9.bmp
Part One: The General Assembly:
The General Assembly:
http://www.gcsehistory.org.uk/modernworld/interwarperiod/index.htm
Part One: The Council:
First meeting of The Council:
http://www.unpi.com/clem/unpostcards/LON2.asp
Part One: The Secretariat:
http://sunnycv.com/steve/text/versaillestreaty/league-images6.html


Part Two

Part Two: General Policies:
World war one depiction: http://www.allinoneboat.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/world_war_i_great_one_wwi_french_soldiers_dead_legless_trench_mud.jpg
Covenant of league:
http://vrroom.naa.gov.au/Images/The%20Covenant%20of%20the%20League%20of%20Nations1_5169177_tcm11-18510.jpg
Part Two: Global Significance throughout its existence:
Image of a meeting held by the league:
http://websterirstudentunion.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/league-of-nations1.jpg
Part Two: Reason for fall of the League:
“The Gap in the Bridge”:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/The_Gap_in_the_Bridge.png
How The league affected the UN:
UN Flag:
http://www.theage.com.au/content/dam/images/h/v/6/g/e/image.related.articleLeadwide.620x349.hv6h5.png/1387414588506.jpg


Thank you for watching
We will now take any questions that you may have
All Pictures found by Joseph Hilditch
Presentation made by Filippo Manzini
Research was divided equally