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Ethiopia’s Resistance Against European Imperialism

By:

Joshua Shin,

Richard Spencer,

and Kiran Thottapilly

The Division of Africa

After Effects

Pros :

  • Colonialism reduced warfare
  • Humanitarian efforts improved sanitation and provided hospitals
  • Lifespans increased and literacy rate grew
  • To promote the economy railroads, dams and telephone/telegraph lines were built

Cons:

  • Most of Africa lost land and Independence
  • introduction to new diseases killed many
  • many lost in war
  • famines occurred
  • tradition deteriorated
  • men had to work for colonials to support their families
  • Africa was divided up by the europeans
  • artificial boundaries created civil war in africa
  • The division of Africa started around 1880.
  • The discoveries of diamonds in 1867 and gold in 1886 in Africa increased European interest in colonizing the continent. Every European country competed in this race in conquering Africa.
  • In 1884-85, 14 European countries met at the Berlin Conference to discuss the division of Africa.
  • No African ruler was invited to attend any meetings.
  • By 1914, only Ethiopia remained free from European control.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

  • Textbook
  • http://www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk/pages/menelik.htm
  • http://www.biography.com/people/menelik-ii-9405715
  • http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-resistance.html
  • http://www.blackpast.org/perspectives/battle-adwa-adowa-1896

Ethiopia’s Successful Resistance

BERLIN CONFERENCE

AFRICAN COUNTRIES

  • Ethiopia was the only African nation that successfully resisted against the Europeans.
  • Its victory was due to one man- Menelik II.
  • Menelik II successfully played Italians, French, British against each other and in the meantime Menelik built a large arsenal of modern weapons purchased from France and Russia which was used to defend from other countries trying to invade Ethiopia.

Ethiopia’s new capital

EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Menelik II, (r.1889-1909)

African Resistance

  • AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
  • BELGIUM
  • DENMARK
  • FRANCE
  • GERMANY
  • GREAT BRITAIN
  • ITALY
  • NETHERLANDS
  • PORTUGAL
  • RUSSIA
  • SPAIN
  • SWEDEN-NORWAY
  • TURKEY
  • Menelik changed the capital from Entoto to Addis Ababa the present day capital of Ethiopia.
  • He did this to build a modern capital
  • He built schools and hospitals.
  • He introduced electricity and the telephone.
  • Later he built a railway in his capital, all with the help of the French. (This linked Addis Ababa to Djibouti and promoted trade.)
  • All the modernization made Ethiopia more inviting.

  • Emperor of Ethiopia.
  • He expanded the empire while Europeans were carving up other parts of Africa
  • Menelik was a Strong leader because he lead his armies atrocities against his enemies which include mutilation, killings and large scale slavery.
  • Repelled an Italian invasion
  • He tried to modernize Ethiopia.
  • Europeans yearned for more resources to fuel industrial production.
  • Africa was a major source of raw material and base of industrial products.
  • Europeans seized Africa for this reason.
  • Refuted European actions to colonize their lands.
  • Europeans were superior in weaponry.
  • All the Resistance attempts failed in the end, with the exception of Ethiopia.

Battle of Adowa

  • The Battle of Adowa (Adwa) was a stunning victory for Ethiopia but a disaster for Italy.
  • Shorty after Menelik II signed a treaty with Italy in 1889, he found differences between the wording of the treaty in the Ethiopian language and in Italian.
  • Menelik II thought that he was giving up a tiny portion of North Ethiopia but instead Italy claimed all of Ethiopia as a protectorate which forced Menelik to declare war.
  • In 1896, one of the greatest wars in the history of Africa- the Battle of Adowa- Ethiopian forces successfully defeated the Italians and kept their nation independent.

Ethiopian forces, win the battle. Painted 1965-75.

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