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Black Rhino Red-Billed Oxpecker Mutualism/Parasitism
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Black Rhinoceros
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Rhinocerotidae
Genus: Diceros
species: D. bicornis
Taxonomy
Red-Billed Oxpecker
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Buphagidae
Genus: Buphagus
species: Buphagus erythrorhynchus
Black Rhinoceros
- two horns
- weigh up to 3000 pounds
- dark yellow/brown to dark brown or dark grey
- thick, wrinkled, tough hide
- measure from 10 to 12.5 feet
- odd-toed ungulate
- near sighted
Physical Description
Red-Billed Oxpecker
- olive-brown or grey-brown upper body
- thick bill
- red eyes with yellow circles of flesh around them
- light grey-brown wings and tail
- tan or pale yellow lower body
- grey legs and feet
- 1.5 to 2.1 ounces
- 7.5 to 8.7 inches long
Red-Billed Oxpecker
Habitat
- native to savannah of sub-Saharan Africa
- open savannas, bushland, and forests
- areas that contain large animals and livestock
Mutualism Vs Parasitism
Black Rhinoceros
- Native to southern regions of Africa
- bushy plains, dense brush, open forests, grassy plains
- areas close to open water sources
- can be found in mud or water wallows where they cool themselves
Which is it?
Black Rhino and Red-Billed Oxpecker
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Mutualism or Parasitism?
Parasitism
Ecological relationship where one organism benefits and causes harm to the other organism
Mutualism
Ecological relationship where both organisms benefit
By
Alan Tran Jeff Cook George Karoglou Jessica Romero
Research, Research,
Research!!!
-Most studies are not in the animal's natural habitat
-Switzerland
- climate differences
- limited space
-change in food source
Relationship Between Red-Billed Oxpecker and Black Rhino
Mutual or Parasitic?
Stutterheim Study
- Wounds
- Cleaning
- Rest
Wiley-Liss Study
- Harm
- Foraging
- Displacing
Helpful or Hurtful?
Advantages
Parasite loads
Feeding success
Predation Risk
Disadvantages
Irritation
Infection
Non-symbiotic