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Black Rhinoceros

Domain: Eukarya

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Perissodactyla

Family: Rhinocerotidae

Genus: Diceros

species: D. bicornis

Taxonomy

Red-Billed Oxpecker

Domain: Eukarya

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Passeriformes

Family: Buphagidae

Genus: Buphagus

species: Buphagus erythrorhynchus

Black Rhinoceros

  • two horns

  • weigh up to 3000 pounds

  • dark yellow/brown to dark brown or dark grey

  • thick, wrinkled, tough hide

  • measure from 10 to 12.5 feet

  • odd-toed ungulate
  • near sighted

Physical Description

Red-Billed Oxpecker

  • olive-brown or grey-brown upper body
  • thick bill
  • red eyes with yellow circles of flesh around them
  • light grey-brown wings and tail
  • tan or pale yellow lower body
  • grey legs and feet
  • 1.5 to 2.1 ounces
  • 7.5 to 8.7 inches long

Red-Billed Oxpecker

Habitat

  • native to savannah of sub-Saharan Africa
  • open savannas, bushland, and forests
  • areas that contain large animals and livestock

Mutualism Vs Parasitism

Black Rhinoceros

  • Native to southern regions of Africa
  • bushy plains, dense brush, open forests, grassy plains
  • areas close to open water sources
  • can be found in mud or water wallows where they cool themselves

Which is it?

Black Rhino and Red-Billed Oxpecker

-

Mutualism or Parasitism?

Parasitism

Ecological relationship where one organism benefits and causes harm to the other organism

Mutualism

Ecological relationship where both organisms benefit

By

Alan Tran Jeff Cook George Karoglou Jessica Romero

Research, Research,

Research!!!

-Most studies are not in the animal's natural habitat

-Switzerland

- climate differences

- limited space

-change in food source

Relationship Between Red-Billed Oxpecker and Black Rhino

Mutual or Parasitic?

Stutterheim Study

  • Wounds
  • Cleaning
  • Rest

Wiley-Liss Study

  • Harm
  • Foraging
  • Displacing

Helpful or Hurtful?

Advantages

Parasite loads

Feeding success

Predation Risk

Disadvantages

Irritation

Infection

Non-symbiotic

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