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Separation of Powers

The Constitution distributes the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of the national government among three distinct and independent branches of government.

Article I

Legislative

legislate: to make or enact laws

Consists of the Congress, a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives (435 members, based upon population of the states) and the Senate (100 members, 2 per state)

bicameral: having two houses

Makes the laws of the nation

Approves the annual budget

Confirms presidential appointments

Raises revenue through taxes and other levies

Regulates interstate and foreign trade

Declares war

Article 2

execute: to carry out or enforce

Headed by the President of the United States, the chief executive officer of the nation

Executes the law of the land

Prepares the annual budget for congressional action

Appoints cabinet officers, ambassadors, and federal judges

Administers the federal bureaucracy

an organization of non-elected officials of a government or organization who implement the rules, laws, and functions of their institution

Article 3

judge: authority to hear evidence and legal arguments in order to pass judgement on an individual

Consists of the federal courts, including the Supreme Court, the highest court in the land

The United States Supreme Court exercises the power of judicial review

judicial review: power of the court to determint constitutionality of laws

The federal courts try cases involving federal law and questions involving interpretation of the Constitution of the United States

The U.S. Senate

100 Members (2 from each state)

Each senator represents his/her entire state

Serve 6-year terms

Judicial

Executive

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