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Free to try, no credit card requiredA computer system basically comprises both hardware and software components including a central storage system and various peripheral devices such as printers, scanners, or routers.
The Motherboard is a printed circuit board (PCB) that houses most, if not all of the internal components. These include the Central Processor and the Memory cards as well as sound cards, graphics cards, video cards, any ports such as USB 2.0 or Firewire and the DVI port which handles the Monitor. All connections between the PC and any peripherals go through the motherboard.
COMPUTER HARDWARE
COMPONENTS
Mrs Duffy
What are Ports?
PORTS
COMPUTER HARDWARE
Types of Port...
USB
SOLID STATE DISKS /DRIVES (SSD)
Cloud Storage
Universal Serial Bus (USB) refers to the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and electronic devices.
USB was designed in the mid-1990s to standardise the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power.
USB is often used on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices.
Solid State Drives have no actual mechanical parts and are a form of computer data storage. Their construction resembles that of a giant memory card found in digital cameras. These drives boot up faster than traditional hard disks, but they have less storage than their magnetic disks counterparts. They are also less susceptible to shock than regular hard disks, reducing damage to the drive itself.
In computer hardware, a port acts as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices, such as printers, scanners, web cams etc.
In physical terms, a port is a specialised outlet on a piece of equipment that a plug or cable connects to. Electronically, this then provides a signal transfer between devices.
Not all peripherals need a cable to link them to the port - some are able to do it using wireless or infrared technology.
This term is given to the collection of physical elements that make up a computer system.
Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of which are physical objects that can be touched.
Optical Hard Drives
Flash Drives
Fire wire...
You have probably heard the term FireWire if you have any interest in digital video -- or maybe you know it as Sony i.Link or as IEEE 1394, the official name for the standard. FireWire is a way to connect different pieces of equipment so they can easily and quickly share information.
Originally created by Apple and standardized in 1995 as the specification IEEE 1394 High Performance Serial Bus, FireWire is very similar to Universal Serial Bus (USB). The designers of FireWire had several particular goals in mind when they created the standard:
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)
COMPUTER STORAGE
This allows devices such as optical and other hard drives to link to a computer. The port is linked to another port on the motherboard with a 7-pin ribbon cable.
THE CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT (CPU)
Registers...
The processor is a computer chip that is housed on the Motherboard. It is often referred to as the brain or heart of the computer as it controls everything; it carries out instructions given by computer programs and handles all the day to day tasks that a PC has to do. They used to use up an entire circuit board, but nowadays, microprocessors handle everything from just one chip.
THE MOTHERBOARD
Ethernet Port...
Network Ports...
There are 2 types of storage in a computer:
The 3 Primary Storage devices you will need to be familiar with are Registers, Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM)
This is small, fast and is mainly used by the CPU to store:
Used for cable-based networks. Most computers have at least one of these ports which is linked directly to the computers network card.
The physical ports are those which connect to computer modems, routers or local area networks.
RAM
Components of the CPU
ROM
POWER SUPPLY UNITS
RAM is a type of temporary computer data storage, often referred to as volatile memory (meaning that the data is lost when the power is turned off.) It deals with temporary data requests such as keeping windows open on a desktop or just viewing a file. RAM can often be overloaded which is what happens if a window freezes during shutdown or stops working. RAM stands for Random Access Memory.
ROM (Read Only Memory) is non-volatile memory, meaning that the memory does not lose the data when the power is turned off. It can be used to store data and/or instructions (called firmware) that are needed when you next turn the computer on, eg the BIOS chip.
ROM is measured in bytes, or more likely, gigabytes (GB).
Control Unit - Ensures that instructions required to operate the computer are retrieved and interpreted in the correct sequence. This means that instructions and data are transferred from the input or storage devices and placed in the temporary storage of registers in the CPU until the necessary data is ready to be processed in the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and results stored in the right place.
ALU - Here the computer undertakes mathematical or logical operations required to complete the instruction. The data is placed in a special register called the accumulator and arithmetic (additions and subtractions) and logical operations ('and', 'or' and 'not') are carried out.
STORAGE
Storage can be internal (inside your computer) or external (outside of your computer)
External Storage can be useful as it allows you to transport your device from computer to computer, taking your data with you.
The power supply unit receives electricity from the mains (alternating current or AC) and converts this into a form which the computer can use (direct current or DC). All units need a cooling system, which in PCs and servers is usually a fan system. Very large computers may use water cooling systems.
What is SAS?!
Types of primary and secondary storage can be described based upon their location or the protocols they use. One of the most widely uses the Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) protocol that follows the same protocol as SCSI but transmits data serially, one bit a time along a single wire. These devices can handle up to 3.3 gigabits of data per second and up to 128 devices.
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) is a point-to-point serial protocol that moves data to and from computer storage devices such as hard drives and tape drives. SAS replaces the older Parallel SCSI (Small Computer System Interface, usually pronounced "scuzzy") bus technology that first appeared in the mid-1980s. SAS, like its predecessor, uses the standard SCSI command set. SAS offers backward compatibility with SATA, versions 2 and later. This allows for SATA drives to be connected to SAS backplanes. The reverse, connecting SAS drives to SATA backplanes, is not possible.
The connection between devices on a network is called a channel. of which there are several types.
A channel can be optical fibre, coaxial copper or twisted pair cable carrying data between storage devices or between a computer and a storage device at high speeds of up to 10Gbps
Expansion Cards are printed circuit boards, much smaller than the motherboard, which have a connector which allows them to be inserted into an expansion slot on a motherboard.
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