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Choo, Levine and Hatfield (1996)

Schema domains

Child has basic developmental needs if not met can lead to:

Secure attachment: I am comfortable with closeness and dependence

Secure: Easier to cope. Less likely to turn to drugs and alcohol

Clingy: Felt bad blamed themselves

Skittish: Less likely to blame partner

Uninterested: Less likely to feel guilt

Skittish: independence

Disconnection and rejection: shame

Fickle: I don't know what I want.

Casual: I like someone but i don't mind want commitment

Impaired autonomy and performance: dependence/incompetence

Uninterested

Impaired limits: entitlement/gratitude

Other directedness: self sacrifice

Over vigilance and inhibitness: punitiveness

Prototype

Hierachy

Exemplar view

Classical view

  • Abstract
  • Composite of average features
  • Wittgenstein (1953) family resemblance

Basic level:

  • Easier to distinguish
  • Rich in associations
  • Concrete in applications
  • Necessary: all must possess features
  • Sufficient: be able to define category
  • No better or worse member
  • Core representation: most typical real example not abstract
  • People do judge
  • People need to agree on content

Higher level:

  • Over inclusive and less rich

Lower level:

  • Under inclusive and over detailed

Social categorization

  • A lot they do not explain
  • Doesn't explain range of different members
  • Connections between characteristics
  • Richness and complexity of category

Social Schemas

A mental structure which includes general knowledge and expectation of the world.

Event schemas:

Person schemas

Self schemas

Role and sterotypes

Self-schematic

  • Clear, apply to us

A particular kind of role schema that organizes peoples expectations about other people who fall into the certain social categories

Appropriate sequences of action

Everyday situations

Understanding based on unconscious knowledge and implicit assumptions. Fills in missing information once atcivated

Associate

  • Characteristics
  • Emotions
  • Actions
  • Entitlements

Experience determines person schema

  • Personality traits: Categorize according to dominant traits. A sense of control and predictability
  • Goals
  • Intentions

Aschematic

  • Dont apply to us, unclear

Originally seen as negative (Lippmann 1922)

Now seen as positive, negative or neutral

Achieved roles: Required through effort

Ascribed roles: Automatic

Stereotypes are beyond are control

Schemas and groups:

Cueing evaluations and emotions:

Categorising in groups

Maximises between group differences

Minimises within group differences

Schema triggered emotions affect

Some schemas have an affective/evaluative component

Matching an instance to a schema cues the evaluation/emotions stored.

Fiske and Taylor (1991)

Schemas become

  • more abstract
  • richer and more complex
  • organized
  • accurate
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