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An experiment was done in 2009 testing the effects of Russia's diet and exercise standards for astronauts in space which helped answer this question.
References
Williams, D., Kuipers, A., Mukai, C., & Thirsk, R. (2009). Acclimation during space flight: effects on human physiology. Cmaj, 180(13), 1317-1323.
Trappe, S., Costill, D., Gallagher, P., Creer, A., Peters, J. R., Evans, H., D. A. Riley& Fitts, R. H. (2009). Exercise in space: human skeletal muscle after 6 months aboard the International Space Station. Journal of applied physiology, 106(4), 1159-1168.
The restraints held down 70% of their body weight
Nutritional deficiencies,
Microgravity, and
Stress, can cause the muscle to shrink in size but that does not necessarily mean there are less fibers.
What happens to people in space?
resistance devices
Average calories: 1,874-2,902
Average fat: 33
Average protein: 18%
Average carbohydrates: 48
The muscles being measured are the calf muscles
Knowing ways to avoid the negative effects of space on astronauts can lead to longer missions with less physiological changes which will give them more time and opportunities to learn about space.
Brittany Deal