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Long-term goals

Among the long-term goals in the research pertaining to artificial intelligence are: Social intelligence, Creativity, and General intelligence.

Goals

The general problem of simulating (or creating) intelligence has been broken down into a number of specific sub-problems.

Early AI researchers developed algorithms that imitated the step-by-step reasoning that humans use when they solve puzzles or make logical deductions.

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The central problems (or goals) of AI research include:

  • reasoning,
  • knowledge,
  • planning,
  • learning,
  • natural language processing (communication),
  • perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.

Deduction, reasoning, problem solving

Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook Inc., announced on January 3, 2016 via his Facebook page, that his personal challenge for 2016 would be to build "a simple AI" to help him with work and to help run his home, similar to J.A.R.V.I.S. from the Iron Man films.

John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines".

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Intuitions and the way in which unconscious knowledge make humans take decisions are aspects that the search for A.I must investigate and find the way to represent.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software

Zuckerberg does not expect to have the AI built within the 2016 year, but is "glad to be joining the effort" that is pushing the field of AI forward.

Computational learning theory

Machine learning..

Motion and manipulation

...is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience and has been central to AI research since the field's inception.

Machine perception ..

Intelligence is required for robots to be able to

  • handle such tasks as object manipulation and navigation
  • with sub-problems of localization,
  • mapping
  • motion planning or path planning

..is the ability to use input from sensors (such as cameras, microphones, tactile sensors, sonar and others ) to deduce aspects of the world.

Natural language processing..

..gives machines the ability to read and understand the languages that humans speak.

A powerful natural language processing system would enable natural language user interfaces ..

A derivative of the Turing test is the Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart

In contrast to the standard Turing test, CAPTCHA administered by a machine and targeted to a human as opposed to being administered by a human and targeted to a machine. A computer asks a user to complete a simple test then generates a grade for that test.

Evaluating progress

In 1950..

Turing Test

Artificial intelligence can also be evaluated on specific problems such as small problems in chemistry, hand-writing recognition and game-playing. Such tests have been termed subject matter expert Turing tests. Smaller problems provide more achievable goals and there are an ever-increasing number of positive results.

General Intelligence

Captcha

Many researchers think that their work will eventually be incorporated into a machine with general intelligence.

A problem like machine translation is considered "AI-complete". In order to solve this particular problem, one must solve all the problems

Social intelligence

Affective computing is the study and development of systems and devices that can recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human affects.

The machine should interpret the emotional state of humans and adapt its behaviour to them, giving an appropriate response for those emotions.

Artificial intelligence

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