Decossackization

Decossackization

1919-1920

Nadia Apa, Aila Paxton, Liana Donsbach

Other genocides

Map

Today

Our genocide compares to others such as the Holocaust, such as the way they killed people around their country that they felt were not superior to them, and they both had a main leader. A genocide it differs with is the Rwanda Genocide. Were as the Rwanda Genocide killed it's own countries people, Decossackization did not. The Rwanda Genocide also did not have a singular person as head.

Their were many more conflicts after the genocide was officially ended. A few of these other conflicts include when Chechnya declared its independence from Russia in 1991. The following years were marked with lawlessness, violence and then full-scale conflict. Another conflicts was The First Chechen conflict, 1994-1996. In 1994, the Kremlin sent troops into Chechnya to restore its authority. The capital, Grozny, was reduced to ruins. The second Chechen conflict, August 1999 happened when Chechen fighters crossed into the neighboring Russian Republic of Dagestan in an unsuccessful attempt to support the local Islamist separatist movement. An armed conflict is ongoing in Chechnya, although violence is occurring at a significantly reduced rate compared to previous years.

Who is responsible?

Parties

How did it end?

Bolshevik party- Karl Lander was the leader

"... mass terror to rich cossacks who should be

exterminated and eliminated to the last

In 1920, Bolshevik leader Vladimir

Lenin issued his first decree and put

Russia at peace.

Bibliography

Justice

The cossacks have been trying to claim justice but no other country

(outside of Georgia) recognizes what happened as genocide.

They are writing articles and posting them, and are hoping that

someday the world will know and Russia will be punished.

Vionto. "Decossackization." Decossackization. EyePlorer.com, n.d. Web. 03 June 2013. <http://en.vionto.com/show/me/Decossackization>.

Lomsadze, Giorgi. "Georgia Recognizes Circassian Genocide." EurasiaNet.org. N.p., 20 May 2011. Web. 03 June 2013.<http://www.eurasianet.org/node/63530>.

Werth, Nicolas. "Chronological Index:." Crimes and Mass Violence of the Russian Civil Wars (1918-1921). CERI & SciencesPo., May 2008. Web. 03 June 2013. <http://www.massviolence.org/crimes-and-mass-violence-of-the-russian-civil-wars-1918?artpage=7-7>.

International response

Bloxham, Donald. "Political Violence in Twentieth-Century Europe." Google Books. Cambridge University Press, n.d. Web. 03 June 2013.<http://books.google.com/books?id=8qaeWCWDUnEC&pg=PA227&lpg=PA227&dq=decossackization+genocide&source=bl&ots=hnmDDRuf6x&sig=E9pKkdYrjUH4I__5K88E7_6OV20&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8XCfUYTMNIqFrQHqqIGIAw&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q&f=false>

8 stages of genocide

"Decossackization." Rediff Pages. Rediff, 2013. Web. 03 June 2013. <http://pages.rediff.com/decossackization/1068389>.

Only Georgia recognizes what happened as genocide. This could also be because WW1 was going on at the time.

6 - Polarization & Preparation - Many Cossacks were relocated to concentration camps or simply out of the country.

7 - Extermination - Civilian massacres, hostage takings, and deportations occurred.

8 – Denial - When a person was taken as a “hostage” they were usually killed as a “prisoner of war” instead of as a normal citizen. This allowed the Bolsheviks to deny that they murdered 1,000’s of innocent Cossacks.

1 - Classification - The Bolsheviks focused of two groups: the Don and Kuban Cossacks.

2 - Symbolization - The Cossacks were labeled as “hostages of war” when really they were just normal Cossack people taken captive. The Cossack rebels became known as Green Armies and the Bolsheviks were part of the Red Army.

3 - Dehumanization - The Bolsheviks released propaganda describing the Cossacks as “irresponsible and “useless”

4 - Organization - The Bolshevik government began training armies and invading/capturing Cossack lands.

Historical context

The revolutions of 1917 in the Russian Empire

led to extremely violent civil wars in 1918.The people targeted were the Cossacks of the Don

and Kuban regions. They were targeted because

they were wealthy.

How was it executed?

Targets

This genocide follows the 8 stages, but with the little information available on the actual carrying out of the genocide it is hard to tell.

There were civilian massacres, hostage

takings, and deportations of populations

considered enemies. However, the main

focus of the Bolsheviks was instilling

mass terror in the wealthy Cossacks.