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11.1 - Performance-enhancing drugs
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Organisation
Governments must fund anti-doping agencies (NADOs - National anti-doping organisations). Focus on national competitions.
Many cases over the years
There are also the RADOs (Regional anti-doping organisations)
Why?
Anti-doping code
There are also tests run by the Olympic and Paralympic committees.
- prohibited list - identifying substances and methods that should be banned
- testing investigations - how samples will be collected
- laboratories - set up by WADA to validate test results
- therapeutic use exemptions (TUEs) - may be given if an athlete has a medical reason/condition to use the drug
- protection of privacy and personal information
Rigorous tests before, during and after major competitions
WINNING
so it's all about...
What are the impacts when athletes get caught using PED?
IMPACTS
Individual level
loss of reputation
ban/suspension
Performers know the risks they are taking
Risks
Team/sport
low credibility of the sport
negative impact on other teams and teammates
Case study
Many performers take drugs fully knowing the risks to their reputation, health, team and sport.
Dwain Chambers
Life ban after being caught using PED
Lost all his medals including a gold one on 4x100 at European championship.
WADA
Teammates also had to handle their title
Later allowed back in after winning an apeal.
Independent agency
Monitors all sporting activities
Provides tests on performers
Education through scientific research
11.1 - Performance-enhancing drugs
Reasons
Natural ability is not good enough
Learning Objectives
Influence of others (coach, athletes, etc)
To be the best regardless of the morality of it
To describe the different types of PEDs and their effects on performance
To improve performance
To even things up with athletes who already take PEDs.
To understand the reasons why some performers use prohibited PEDs
To calm down before an event
Muscle build - faster than training
Success, rewards, sponsorship, contracts
To describe the negative consequences of drug scandals
11.1 - Performance-enhancing drugs
TESTING
Tests are random - athletes can be called anytime
Blood tests - sealed kit with 2 samples. Must be returned if tampered.
Urine sample - same as blood but need an official of same sex to check.
Testing - sent to labs. If sample A is positive, athlete is notified before sample B is tested.
What are performance-enhancing drugs and do performers use them?
Sanctions - organisations will decide the penalties or ban to impose
Chemical substances that change the chemical balance of the body when taken, affecting ability and providing unfair advantages over opponents