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TRITANOPIA

Blue-Yellow Colorblindness

BY

ALEX

SCHWEYER

:)

Fin.

SBI3U

GENETIC DISORDERS

Sources

  • http://disorders.eyes.arizona.edu/handouts/colorblindness-tritanopia
  • http://www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/body_guide/reftext/html/nerv_sys_fin.html
  • http://www.colblindor.com/2006/05/08/tritanopia-blue-yellow-color-blindness/
  • http://www.thirdage.com/hc/c/color-blindness-prevention
  • http://www.colblindor.com/2011/12/02/genetic-test-for-color-blindness/

Current Research

Doctors are looking into a new era of color vision testing. Scientists and their teams have started testing colorblind monkeys, using the Eyedox test, and have started to make a cure. The monkeys started to distinguish certain colors, and the scientists put out a new genetic color blindness test out at the end of 2011. After it was brought out, US Federal Drug Administration asked the scientists to do one to two more years of testing in order to fully understand the genetic treatment. After the scientists are done testing on animals, they will select a handful of blue-yellow, and red-green colorblind patients to test the genetic treatment. If the treatment is successful, more subjects will be tested for more detailed results.

Prevention Possible

Genetic Screening

Strategies

There is no prevention for tritanopia colour blindness. The autosomal dominant trait requires one parent to have the disorder, and there is no prevention other than regular trips to the eye doctors and fast treatment after being diagnosed. There is no treatment to tritanopia other than corrupt lenses, leaving patients of tritanopia to live with it. Some other non genetic causes of tritanopia such as old age, hitting head, and drugs cannot be prevented either.

Doctors who test for tritanopia see if the S-cones are missing or non-functional,which can result to the blindness in the blue end of the spectrum. Doctors use color perception tests in order tell what type of color blindness the patient has. In the color perception test, pseudo-isochromatic plates use printed dotes of different chromaticitiy to produce patterns of letter and numbers. In the perception test, toddler under five cannot be tested because they don’t recognize many colors. Also, recently found is The Eyedox genetic test for color blindness. This test does not need pictures, just a few cells from the inner cheek where DNA can be taken from. In the test, toddlers can be tested unlike in the picture test. There is a free online tester that can be taken to see if you are or are not color blind and need to see a doctor: http://colorvisiontesting.com/online%20test.htm

Population

Statistics

Tritanopia affects an extremely low percentage of the world. One in ten thousand people world wide are affected with tritanopia. That is 0.01%. Since tritanopia is autosomal over x-linked, the amount of woman and men affected are equal fifty-fifty chances.

In this video, it shows the visual impairments of tritanopia. In the top right corner of the video it shows a normal vision, and in the video, it shows a tritanope vision.

Treatment

Sadly, there is no cure or treatment for colorblindness other than to just adjust and live with it. There are some corrective lenses that claim to help see the colors that the affected cannot, but they can also mess with other aspects of perception.

Symptoms

People affected by tritan color blindness have a very hard time of knowing the difference between blue and green, and yellow and violet. Someone affected with tritanopia, would confuse blue with green, and yellow with violet. It is a hassle to not know the exact color, but it is much easier than red-green color blindness because they coinfuse stop lights which could cause major accidents.

Other Causes

Other than genes, there are a few more causes of blue - yellow color blindness. Glaucoma, which is an eye disease where the optic nerve is damaged, can cause blue - yellow color blindness. Different kinds of drugs, aging, and getting hit in the head extremely hard can also cause tritanopia.

Brief history

There is a brief history behind tritanopia. There are light sensitive cells in the retina of an eye called rods which are used in dim vision, and cones which are used in color vision. Gene mutations can impact one or the other or both at one time. Tritanopia is the type of colorblindness where the retina is less responsive to blue light. There is not many people diagnosed with tritanopia color blindness, so doctors and scientists did not find out about it for a long time.

Genetic

Inheritance

Tritanopia is most often caused from genes. Although it is not sex-linked, it is an autosomal dominant gene, meaning that only one parent needs to have the genetic disease in order for it to be handed down. Tritanopia is passed down when there is a mutation in a non-sex chromosome in one parent’s cells.

Stated above, the autosomal dominant trait only needs one parent to have tritanopia in order to be passed down. In this example, the father has tritanopia, and the mother doesn't. In their offspring, they get two out of 4 kids who have tritanopia, and it is not sex linked.

Tritanopia

Tritanopia means blue - yellow

color blindness. This is when the person affected can confuse blue with green, and yellow with violet.

Photograph taken by Ottmar Liebert

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