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Automation & Mechanization

Mechanization

Automation

How the Industrial Revolution Contributed

The Age of Enlightenment was from about 1650 to 1800. During this time people began to rely more on philosophy and what was proven to be true over their previous traditions.

Changes in technology began when the traditional ways to accomplish an ordinary task were replaced with easier ways, this was a time period of many inventions.

The fashion industry specifically grew between the years of 1750 to 1850. Many advancements occurred after the industrial revolution sparked the development of steam power and mining coal.

Previous to this, fabric was made on a very small scale at home. The revolution allowed many inventions that made the production of fabric easier, and eventually ended up growing into the technology that fills the mass modern factories we have today.

Mechanization is the process of replacing most of the work done by hand to machinery that is more efficient and accurate. Mechanization promotes accuracy and decreases the need for labour.

The slight difference between automation and mechanization is that automation is more focused around Computer technology and electronic data processing that replaces human labour with machines, while mechanization is based around machinery and equipment that ensures accuracy and speed of operation.

Automation = Technology replaced human labour

Mechanization = Technology enhances/ improves human labour

Automation is also known as automatic control.

  • It is the use of systems to control operating equipment.
  • Some examples are machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat ovens, steering and stabilization of ships, and aircraft.
  • These are applications which can usually operate with out human intervention.
  • Over time some of these processes have been completely automated.

Automation has brought many benefits to the Fashion Industry

  • Saves labour
  • Saves energy
  • Saves materials
  • Saves time
  • Improved quality
  • Improved accuracy & precision

Impact on the Fashion Industry

Future

Automation and mechanization has increased the efficiency of the fashion industry by cutting down on the time intensive labour needed to produce the fabric and garments. Production became more energy efficient which saved money, and there was a rise in quality and the quantity produced.

The industrial revolution allowed for many technological advancements that rapidly furthered the industry.

The changes in production methods and technologies used made the clothing more affordable and allowed for more choice and broader wardrobes.

The industry was propelled forward by the increasing demand, which eventually combined with modernized technology has led us to the modern textile industry that we have today.

In think we can expect fashion to follow its rapidly growing trend. The better Automation and Mechanization in the textile industry improves, the more clothes can be produced at cheaper prices.

Fashion during this time

During the time period of 1750 to 1850 the suits of men were tapered at the waist and the hemline was finished around the back of their knee.

Women's dresses were also tapered at the waist and puffed out, sometimes with the support of wooden frames holding the skirt away from the body. Before mechanization people had only one or two garments.

References

The progression of technology

Spinning Frame

Automation. (2015, February 16). Retrieved March 3, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutomationIndustry Information | Apparel Manufacturing

Brennan, A., Harrington McCabe, A., & J. Smith, S. (2014). The World of Fashion.

Industry, CollegeGrad.com. (n.d.). Retrieved March 3, 2015, from https://collegegrad.com/industries/manuf02

Industrial Revolution. (n.d.). Retrieved March 3, 2015, from http://www.ritchiewiki.com/wiki/index.php/Industrial_Revolution

Mechanization. (n.d.).Retrieved March 3, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanization

The Open Door Web Site : History : The Industrial Revolution : Edmund Cartwright and the Power Loom. (n.d.). Retrieved March 3, 2015, from http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/012.html

The Spinning Jenny a Wool Revolution. (n.d.). Retrieved March 3, 2015, from http://www.faribaultmill.com/spinning-jenny

What is the difference between Mechanisation and Automation? (n.d.). Retrieved March 3, 2015, from http://www.preservearticles.com/201101143281/difference-between-mechanisation-and-automation.html

Invented in 1766 in England by two men. Richard Arkwright and John Kay

This machine had many pros:

  • The thread was much stronger than the spinning Jenny
  • They were eventually powered by water wheels
  • It was still simple enough to be operated by one child however it could produce ten times as much as the spinning Jenny.
  • This machine was the transition between the production of fabric in homes to factories.

This began with the flying Shuttle

  • John Kay invented this in 1733 in England
  • It was a long skinny object that had a wheel and cord at each end. When the ends were pulled it would fly through the thread.

The flying shuttle cut the labour in half to make a cloth wider than arm span. The traditional way used two weavers, with the flying shuttle only one operator was required.

This invention later evolved into a system of four shuttles that consisted of multiple colours that could create fabric with designs.

Mills

Power Loom

Spinning Mule

The Power Loom was invented in England in 1785 by Edward Cartwright. He was the first to successfully create a machine to weave, this was a big invention because weaving required many more steps than spinning.

The loom was steam powered (hence the name power).

Although many changes were made over the years to improve the loom it was the final step in the mechanization of producing cloth.

The First Textile Mill was built in 1774 by Richard Arkwright who was then known as the father of the factory system. He housed some of the weavers and later built more mills in Scotland.

The first textile mill in North America was built by Samuel Slater in 1790. It was in the state Rhode Island.

These mills eventually further developed into the integrated textile factory built by two American inventors. The power loom was the first factory to complete every step of the process.

Mechanization made it possible to process mass amounts of raw cotton into woven cotton in the same building in short amounts of time. It was what provided cheaper more accessible clothing to people and increased the demand for the large fashion industry today.

Spinning Jenny

The Spinning Jenny was invented in 1764 in England by a carpenter named James Hargreaves.

  • Yarn had to be spun one by one before its invention.
  • In the beginning the jenny allowed for up to 8 spindles to be spun at once, eventually this doubled.
  • It was very common for children to work at these machines because the concept to operate them was very simple.
  • The only con was the thread produced was weak.

Cotton Gin

Invented by Samuel Crompton in England in 1779.

This invention was a combination of the Spinning Jenny and the roller components of the Spinning Frame.

It produced the yarn by pulling and twisting the fibers, and the wound the thread onto spindles.

This allowed for different types of yarn to be produced.

Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin in Georgia in 1793. It was the first of its kind to work well, and replaced the hand work of over fifty workers.

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