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Social Movement Theory

Resource Mobilization Theory

Angry people do not simply rise up and create movements. You must have capacity to resist.

Resources are Needed for Action

Grievances neither automatically nor easily → social movement activity.

You must have resources to plan, communicate, mobilize, and coordinate.

Vital resources can come from both inside and outside the aggrieved collective.

The costs of participation and mobilization can be increased or decreased by the state and elites through support or repression.

The outcomes of movements are the result of strategic interactions between social movements, their targets, and third parties.

Resource Mobilization, Political Process, and Critiques

The two foundational approaches to studying social movements

Collective Behavior Theory

Grievances and shared beliefs are the precondition for collective action/movement development.

Collective action as emotional and, therefore, irrational.

Recap: Hall (2005)

Dominant narrative of the Civil Rights Movement

Sanitized King - “Frozen in 1963...Endlessly reproduced and selectively quoted” (1234)

“By confining the civil rights struggle to the South, to bowdlerized heroes, to a single halcyon decade, and to limited, noneconomic objectives, the master narrative simultaneously elevates and diminishes the movement. It ensures the status of the classical phase as a triumphal moment in a larger American progress narrative, yet it undermines its gravitas. It prevents one of the most remarkable mass movements in American history from speaking effectively to the challenges of our time” (Hall, p. 1234).

Political Process Theory

Begins with Tilly (1978), Solidified by McAdam (1982)

Main Components

Political opportunity structure

Mobilizing structures

Framing processes

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