Verbals

Verbals

verbs used as other parts of speech

To exercise is good for your health.

Exercising is good for your health.

verbals

act like

_____?

Some people really like to exercise.

Some people really enjoy exercising.

Start with this:

To wait seemed foolish when decisive action was required. (subject)

Everyone wanted to go. (direct object)

His ambition is to fly. (subject complement)

He lacked the strength to resist. (adjective)

We must study to learn. (adverb)

infinitive must be used if an action is to come or should happen or is planned to be done

verbals - verbs used as nouns

complements

a mini-lesson!

• words needed to complete an expression

working

resting

succeeding

studying

taking

living

can be subjects or objects

John is weak.

John is a chicken

Make some

sentences.

Tip!

gerunds

infinitives

typically:

want

hope

expect

are used

Complements can't be removed from a sentence.

Objects can be removed from a sentence.

complements

To learn another language is not easy.

To learn is not easy.

to work

to rest

to succeed

to study

to take

to live

My goal is to get good grades.

My goal is to get.

can be subjects, objects,

subject complements

weak and chicken are both

subject complements.

infinitive form

to + base verb

when 'for' is also used

functions:

Most people want to work.

It is difficult for me to learn a second language.

To succeed is difficult.

subject of...

object of ...

My father wants me to succeed.

It will be easy for Anna to pass this class.

I have always liked to study business.

Some examples using 'it':

False Subjects

He advised my brother to take economics.

some

examples

It takes a lot of money to buy a house.

It is not easy to save.

What is

the 'real'

subject?

Many people like to live dangerously.

Identify

the subjects.

Can you replace 'it'?

It is fun to read.

Professor Jeffers is the person to see about scholarships.

It is fun to read a good mystery story.

It took a lot of time to furnish our new home.

it is used as a "false subject"

How about:

To save is not easy.

To read is fun.

It is hard for me to meet new people in Canada.

To read a good mystery story is fun.

'It' as false subject and adjectives

It was nice of you to...

complete

these!

It was foolish of him to...

It was considerate of the class to...

It was wise of them to ...

It was silly of me to...

Negative infinitives

Do page 247, exercise 3, 4, 5, 6

Compare:

Infinitives as:

Natalie agreed not to help.

IMPORTANT: 'not' precedes the infinitive

• subjects
• subject complements

'not to help'

negative infinitive phrase

To study takes a lot of time.

To learn another language is not easy.

To be a student is a difficult job.

Special Verbs

feel see hear

Natalie did not agree to help.

important

don't use 'to'

for these verbs

can be followed by:

• nouns
• object pronouns + base form of the verb

My goal is to get good grades.

He saw me to open my dictionary.

His goal has been to enter graduate school.

He saw me open my dictionary.

'did not agree'

I will hear them to play the concert.

I will hear them play the concert.

Her last summer job was to answer the phone.

Do page 245, exercise 1

With a partner, do exercise 2

negative verb phrase

more special verbs

help have let make

What's the

difference in

meaning?

I made myself write as neatly as I could.

He had the students write in class.

The boy let the dog eat.

He let us use our dictionaries.

don't use 'to' with these infintives

Verbals

What the...?