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The evolution of the excretory system and the digestive system through animals
7
Transcript
Bacteria
- External Digestion
- Some are Parasitical
- Decomposers
Protists
- protozoans- food vacuole
- algae- chloroplasts
- funguslike protists
- pseudopods
Humans
- Jaw; teeth
- One way/Complete digestive system
- Eat anything (almost)
- Urine
Fungi
- hyphae
- external digestion
- digestive chemicals
Mammals
- teeth help grind food
- esophagus
- stomach
- no crop or gizzard
- herbivores(plants)- flat teeth
- slow digestion- complex carbohydrates to break up
- carnivores(meat)- sharp teeth
- simple, short digestive tract
- high metabolic rate
- complete/ one way digestive system
Plants
Birds
- produce own food- photosynthesis
- chloroplasts
- respiration waste(oxygen) exits through stomata
- very efficient digestive/ excretory system
- no teeth- beak for specific food
- high metabolic rate
- eat about 1/4 of body weight daily
- crop and gizzard
- crop stores food
- gizzard grinds food for digestion
- swallow small stones- no teeth
- complete/ one way digestive system
- excrete all waste in one liquid-solid form
Sponges
- Filter feed
- Eat anything microscopic
- Food catches on collar cells
Amphibians
Worms
- carbon dioxide waste exits through moist skin and lungs
- esophagus
- stomach
- intestines
- complete/ one way digestive system
Reptiles
- Eat nearly anything
- One way and Complete digestive system
- Make compost
- insectivourous or carnivorous
- short, simple digestive tract
- meat is easy to break down
- herbivores swallow small rocks
- washed around in stomach
- snakes can unhinge jaw
- swallow whole eggs
- reptiles can swallow whole meals that digest slowly over a long period of time
- slower than mammals
- snake fangs- kill prey and inject venom
- complete/ one way digestive system
- kidneys(unlike birds and mammals) are unable to produce more concentrated urine than body fluid
- use colon(part of large intestine) to aid in extracting water
Arthropods
Cnidarians
- Insects=nectar/blood (flowers)
- Spiders=insects (blood)
- Centi/millipedes=plant material (chew)
- Mobsters=fish/crabs/clams/worms/sea urchins
- All Have One way/Complete digestive system
- Small fish & Plankton
- One opening
- Incomplete digestive system
- Nematocysts
Fishes
- teeth help grind food
- esophagus
- stomach
- intestines
- kidneys produce urine and filter blood waste
- complete/ one way digestive system
Mollusks
- Snails=Plants/fruit
- Radula
- Marine mollusks=plankton/krill
- Bigger mollusks=fish/crustaceans
- Octopus: beak
- All Have One way/Complete digestive system
The Evolution of the Excretory System and Digestive System Through Animals
By James and Annika
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