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Motivation can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic.
- Intrinsic motivation comes from within the person and is associated with doing an activity for itself and for pleasure and satisfaction derived from participation. (Deci, Ryan, 1985)
- Extrinsic motivation results from external rewards such as money, trophies and prizes.
Moreover people suggest that intrinsic motivation can be boosted by extrinsic motivators. However, in some situations extrinsic rewards can lower the person's intrinsic motivation.
Need achievement theory
Different behavioral patterns of high achievers and low achievers:
According to McClelland and Atkinson motivation is also affected by personality.
- For some individuals, the desire to succeed is higher than the fear of failure and these individuals are said to be high in achievement motivation.
- For others, the fear of failure is higher and these individuals are said to be low in achievement motivation.
However, personality is not the only important factor in achievement motivation.
There are in total five components that contribute to need achievement theory:
- Personality factors,
- situational factors,
- resultant tendencies,
- emotional reactions
- achievement-related behaviour