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Atkinson Theory of Achievement Motivation

Types of motivation

Motivation can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic.

- Intrinsic motivation comes from within the person and is associated with doing an activity for itself and for pleasure and satisfaction derived from participation. (Deci, Ryan, 1985)

- Extrinsic motivation results from external rewards such as money, trophies and prizes.

Moreover people suggest that intrinsic motivation can be boosted by extrinsic motivators. However, in some situations extrinsic rewards can lower the person's intrinsic motivation.

Definition

Need achievement theory

McClelland and Atkinson stated that motivation is a balance between the motive to achieve success and the motive to avoid failure.

Achievement motivation= Desire to succeed - Fear of failure

Higher and lower achievement of motivation

Different behavioral patterns of high achievers and low achievers:

Low achievers:

-Avoid challenging activities

-Exert less effort when they take part

-Exert less persistence when they take part

- Focus on the shame of failure

high achievers:

-select challenging

tasks

-Display a high

level of effort

-Continue to try

hard in diffucult

situations

-Focus on the pride

of success

According to McClelland and Atkinson motivation is also affected by personality.

- For some individuals, the desire to succeed is higher than the fear of failure and these individuals are said to be high in achievement motivation.

- For others, the fear of failure is higher and these individuals are said to be low in achievement motivation.

However, personality is not the only important factor in achievement motivation.

There are in total five components that contribute to need achievement theory:

- Personality factors,

- situational factors,

- resultant tendencies,

- emotional reactions

- achievement-related behaviour

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