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Tecumseh, Shawnee War Chief (1768-1813)

Major-General Sir Isaac Brock: The Hero of Upper Canada (1769-1812)

Important events and people in The War of 1812

  • Posted to Lower Canada,where he decided to build up Quebec's defenses
  • He was promoted to Major-General, due to the fact that he had money enough to give him higher status or rank
  • Brock was the one to realize that the First Nations would make defending against the Americans easier
  • In the battle of Detroit Brock and Tecumseh tricked the Americans into thinking that the British has outnumbered them
  • The Americans retreated and the British won all thanks to Brock's and Tecumseh’s idea.
  • In the battle of Queenston Heights October 1812 Brock was shocked to wake up to the sounds of Gunfire. Unprepared Brock gathered as many soldiers as possible, so he could get the heights back from the Americans
  • Sadly unexpectedly an American sniper shot him right in the chest and that was the end of Brock
  • He may not have lived for too long, but he was an important part of Canadian history without him what happened might not have happened
  • Tecumseh was the leader of the Shawnee people, who are a group of First Nations
  • Tecumseh wanted to stop the white people from settling into the Old Northwest
  • Tecumseh wanted the Aboriginal people to return to their traditional customs and being themselves, and he wanted them to forget the fights between each tribe and remembering what all Aboriginals had in common
  • Tecumseh joined the British against the Americans in the War of 1812, due to the fact that the Americans destroyed Shawnee villages.
  • He supported Brock at the capture of Detroit which helped the British to trick the Americans
  • Before the British went on he battlefield, Tecumseh's warriors showed themselves in a never-ending line to the Americans
  • The warriors continuously went back of he line which tricked the American General into thinking that he was going to attacked by a massive force of warriors
  • This trick convinced the American General to surrender to avoid a huge loss after Brock warned that the large support from Tecumseh's warriors would be hard or him to control once the fight begun
  • In the Battle of Maravianatown, the Americans had won
  • The British were badly beaten, and Tecumseh was killed
  • When Tecumseh's people found out, they lost courage and surrendered to the Americans

Historical significance of the War of 1812

Names of important people in the war of 1812

The fourth major battle in the war of 1812

The Battle of Chateauguay

The second major battle in the war of 1812

The Battle of Queenston Heights

How did the war start

  • Actually the war did create change, for people for example some battles in the war destroyed people's homes , lives were killed
  • People's homes were taken from them
  • Promises that were made were broken
  • Some changes lasted longer than others, for example when lives are lost they can not be returned they are gone forever also when people's homes were taken from them for example the aboriginal people they were forced to leave their homes even after they were promised that the British won’t do that and still now in 2016 the aboriginals aren't treated fairly
  • Some changes didn't last long for example when structures were destroyed they could rebuild them again it may have took a long time but it could still be rebuilt
  • All these changes affected people like losing family or losing your home
  • In the seven years war this was introduced except it was other people against other people.
  • Major-General Sir Isaac Brock: The Hero of Upper Canada (1769-1812)
  • Charles-Michel d'Irumberry de Salaberry, Canadian Officer in the British Army, Hero of Chateauguay (1778-1829)
  • James Prendergast, Unsung Hero of Crysler's Farm (1789-1834)
  • James FitzGibbon (1780-1863)
  • Tecumseh, Shawnee War Chief (1768-1813)
  • John Norton (Teyoninhokarawen or "The Snipe") Six Nations War Chief (approx. 1765-1831)
  • John Brant , (Dekarihokenh, Ahyouwaeghs, or Tekarihogen), Mohawk War Chief (1794-1832)
  • Matthew Elliott, British Indian Department Superintendent, (approx. 1739-1814)
  • Laura Secord, Heroine of Beaver Dams (1775-1868)
  • Mary Henry, "A Heroine Not to Be Frightened" (approx. 1770-1830)
  • Charles Frederick Rolette, Canadian Officer of the Royal Navy (1783-1831)
  • Joseph Barss, Privateer (1776-1824)
  • Enos Collins, Canada’s Most Successful Privateer (1774–1871)
  • Richard Pierpoint, Black Veteran of three wars, (1744-1838)
  • William Hamilton Merritt, Cavalry officer and Canal Builder (1793-1862)
  • Dominique Ducharme, Hero of the Battle of Beaver Dams (1765–1853)
  • The Americans planned to invade Montreal and cut off British supply connections between Montreal and Kingston
  • They wanted to interfere with the British ideas for the war of 1812 to capture something in Upper Canada
  • Although American groups outnumbered the British by about eight times,they thought the british forces were larger than they actually were
  • The Battle of Chateauguay happened on October 26,1813
  • The British blew horns in the woods as a trick to make the Americans think that they are overpowered
  • The Americans were decieved and they retreated,Giving the British and their allies another victory
  • The important thing was that soldiers from both upper Canada and lower Canada joined forces in the battle
  • which meant that the French and the English fought alongside each other
  • The Americans considered Niagara another way to capture Upper Canada
  • If they captured Niagara they could take Detroit for themselves
  • The Americans invaded the town of Queenston in Niagara on October 13,1812
  • Brock woke up hearing the sound of guns being fired
  • He gathered a small number of soldiers
  • As he led his groups up the hill, Brock was shot in the chest and was killed
  • A few hours later a new major-general takes his place,and more soldiers arrive
  • The Americans forces were decreased when some members of the American militia, who were not big fan of the war, decided to fight on the British's side
  • Because of this the Americans retreated
  • Giving the British another victory
  • Mr. Madison's war
  • On June 1812 the fourth president of the United States , James Madison,asked congress to declare war on Great Britain
  • The reason why he thought of having war because he thought it was the only way to stop Great Britain from interfering with their Merchant ships imports and exports on the world's oceans
  • But most people disagreed because their was no point of having war because the only thing that will happen is people will lose some lives and their homes, families

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The third major battle in the war of 1812

The Battle of york and the Burning of Washington

The fifth major battle in the war of 1812

The Battle of Lundy's Lane and the Siege of Fort Erie

The first major battle in the war of 1812

The siege of Detroit

  • York was the capital of upper Canada
  • It was a great idea to capture york since it was where weapons and gunpowder were kept. It also had a massive ship-HMS Sir Isaac Brock named after Sir Isaac Brock
  • The Americans thought if they control over this ship it would mean that the americans can control the Great Lakes
  • 1700 American groups and a lot of ships attacked York on April 27,1813
  • The Americans beat the British and their partners
  • They took the town,Fort York and the dockyard
  • As the British were leaving,they set off an explosion
  • The explosion blew mostly every part of the fort and killed many lives. The British also blew up HMS Sir Isaac Brock to prevent the Americans from taking it
  • In August 1814,the British came up with an idea to get revenge for the loss of York
  • They attacked Washington the capital of the United States
  • The British set fire to the White House,the Capitol building that held the Library of congress,the treasury building,and the navy yard.
  • When the fires were put out the next day,only one government building was left standing
  • at night July 25,1814 the Battle of Lundy's Lane began
  • There was little light which led to confusion on the battle field. Both the British and the Americans accidentally killed some of their own allies
  • The Americans decided to leave and decided to build their defences at Fort Erie
  • The British forces attacked Fort Erie on August 13,1814. Their goal was to surround the fort and force the americans out of their defensive stronghold
  • Most first nation tribes fought alongside the British
  • No matter how they tried the British and their allies could not defeat the Americans, so they retreated on September 21
  • The Americans later decided to abandon the fort due to the fact that they were running out of supplies. They retreated across the Niagara River to American territory in Buffalo
  • Before leaving on November 5,1814,they blew up the fort so that the British could not use it
  • Because both the Americans and the British retreated,that made it hard to tell who won in the battles
  • But instead The British claimed victory from Lundy's Lane and the Americans claimed victory from Fort Erie
  • The Americans thought Detroit was a easy way to take over Upper Canada
  • Detroit was in between the british and their partners
  • The leader of this plan hoped to but in communications with the British and their partners,so that way they go against each other
  • But Hull's plan had failed
  • in August 1812 under the leadership of Brock, a few hundred soldiers from Britain and other allies crossed the river to attack
  • Though Brock's troops were outnumbered easily by the Americans, the Americans thought that Brock's forces was larger than they actually were
  • Hull surrendered after the ships fired at the americans
  • Giving the British and their allies a victory

Laura Secord, Heroine of Beaver Dams (1775-1868)

The treaty of Ghent ending the War of 1812 and the winner of the War of 1812

  • Her dad helped the patriots in the American Revolution
  • But they moved in 1795 to Niagara in Upper Canada
  • One day a group of American soldiers barged into their house and ordered them to tale care of them during all the fighting
  • The Americans thought the Secords will just do what they say and not do anything about it because James was injured and Laura is a woman they couldn't do anything, but they were wrong
  • One evening, James and Laura secretly hid by the room where the Americans and overheard their conversation
  • The Americans had a plan to have a surprise attack on the British at Beaver Dams and imprison the officer in charge, Lieutenant James FitzGibbon.
  • Since James was injured, Laura decided to walk to Beaver Dams and tell FitzGibbon what the Americans are planning to do
  • To get to Beaver Dams Laura had to walk about 30 kilometers, which took about 20 hours to get their. Imagine having to walk for that long knowing that there could be Americans lurking around
  • After crossing 12 Mile creek, Laura came across a First Nation force from the Mohawk tribe
  • She explained to him everything the Americans were planning and they told FitzGibbon
  • Two days later, the First Nations and the British led a surprise attack against the Americans
  • FitzGibbon was treated as a hero and Laura was forgotten because she was a woman
  • In the 1860s, the people appreciated what Laura did to help
  • On December 24, 1814, The Treaty of Ghent was signed by British and American representatives at Ghent, Belgium, ending the War of 1812. By terms of the treaty, all land that was took over had to be returned
  • After the Treaty was signed both walked away thinking that they won
  • Actually both the British and the Americans won they didn't lose anything they went back to living their regular lives, how they were
  • The people who lost were the Aboriginals, the British promised their own land back but instead they were shifted away from their land, even after what they have done for the British
  • The African Canadians weren’t treated well either, they were forced into slavery, when they were promised land as well but that is what they got
  • The big difference was that structures were destroyed and lives were lost
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