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NON-CONSEQUENTIALISM

by Lucinda, Bonny, Bethany and Rebecca

THE CHILD

Duty - to give him the opportunity to have his work reviewed

Treat with equality

OTHER STUDENTS

PARENTS

Duty - fairness and quality in assessment

Duty - to be objective in hearing their opinion

Treat with equality

Joshua

AP

THE SCHOOL

SCIENCE TEACHER

Duty - to protect from legal action

Duty - to protect the teacher and their credibility

Treat with equality

RESOLUTION

Natural rights

John Locke 1632-1704 identified all humans to have three core natural rights that cannot be taken from us:

- life

- liberty

- property

A characteristic of natural rights is ‘human freedom’, similarly this cannot be taken away from you.

Natural rights brings about EQUALITY for ALL.

Kantian Ethics

Founded by Immanuel Kant (l724-1804)

Kantian ethics is a form of

non-consequentialism based on deontology.

Categorical imperatives: act in duty regardless

of the consequence

The Golden Rule: The principle of respect

Definition

Motives, intuition and rationality

'Non-consequentialism is an approach to ethics based on some clear intrinsic view of what is right or one's duty to do. The basis of non·consequentialism is that certain acts are right or wrong in themselves.

Non-consequentia!ism adheres to the principle of equal respect for persons. This principle states that humans are intrinsically worthwhile and that they must, therefore, be treatcd accordingly. It is sometimes restated in terms of the Golden Rule, that we have a duty to accord others the same kind of treatment that we expect them to accord to us.' Freakley and Burgh

Motives as opposed to duty as the fundamental basis for ethical judgments.

Rightness or wrongness of a given action is dependent upon the motive from which the action was done.

1. What counts as a good motive?

2. How do we practically ascertain what a persons motive is/was?

Intuition - that we just know intrinsically what is right and wrong and can therefore base our moral judgements on our intuition.

Rationality - use our reason in order to find out how we ought to behave. This system relies on the assumption that all humans possess a universal and essential capacity for reason.

Duty-based ethics

- deon = duty

- perform duty regardless of consequences

Prima-facie duties

- 'at first appearance'

- weigh up conflicting duties

HERSELF

THE CHILD

Duty to herself - to act on her beliefs about what she ought to do

Duty - to ensure the child is protected

Treat with equality

Intuition - she should act on what she feels is the right thing to do

Golden Rule

Joanne

Early career teacher

THE OTHER TEACHER

THE SCHOOL

Duty to report to the principle

Duty - respect and honour the other teacher's decision

Motive - what was the other teacher's motive?

Treat with equality

Pros and Cons

RESOLUTION

Pros:

- Some actions are always wrong no matter

what consequences they produce (e.g laws that govern

our society)

- Provides a basis for human rights

Emphasises the value of human beings as equal value

Cons:

- There is no consideration on feelings or empathy

- It is difficult to establish what is morally wrong or

right

- May cause difficulties when conflicts between

duties arise

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