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Reading The World: Ideas That Matter

Danielle Thornsbury

According to Reading The World, Rhetoricians study logic, audience awareness, methods of delivery, strategies for generating ideas, models of organization, and many other topics related to the creation of persuasive arguments.

Page 467.

Socrates

They taught their students that the truth was more important than persuasion.

Few of their writings have survived.

Okay, so basically rhetoric is the old ways of argumentation which we still use today.

Page 467.

Aristotle

Plato

Rhetoricians study

* Logic

* Audience Awareness

* Methods of Delivery

* Strategies for Generating Ideas

* Models of Organization

But who are these 'rhetoricians' and what do they do? The Oxford Dictionary defines a 'rhetorician' as an expert in formal rhetoric (rhetorician). The Oxford Dictionary defines 'rhetoric' as the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques (rhetoric).

He was a student of Plato. He was also the first person to rebuttal to Plato. Then and even now his rebuttal was / is the most influential.

Believed that seeking the truth was far m important than learning techniques of writing.

He uses Platonic argument to refute Plato's dismissal of rhetoric. He saw rhetoric as valuable far beyond its function in political deliberations, in judicial affairs, public celebrations, and community speeches.

Several of their writings has survived.

Page 468.

Logic

Page 468.

The traveling teachers who came into Athens to meet this new need were collectively known as the Sophists.

Logic is the use and study of valid reasoning.

They found many willing students, but they also found a another group of teachers, the philosophers.

Page 467

Sophists

Audience Awareness

They taught their students how to win arguments.

Is when you have to be aware of who your audience is so the material is appropriate

They believed that a speech's success was measured by persuasiveness rather than the truth.

Page 467

"The Funeral Oration"

So, this speech was presented at an annual ceremony to honor Athens death. Pericles "Praises the entire city of Athens, condemns its enemies, and makes the case for continuing war."

Chapter 7

It's not clear who actually wrote this speech, some believe that its Pericles speech while others believe it's Aspasia's.

Plato

Pericles

Works Cited

As far as appeals, this speech is an emotional appeal because its patriotism - the love of ones country.

Gertrude Buck

Austin, Michael, and Karen Austin. Reading the world: ideas that matter. New York: W.W. Norton, 2007. Print.

"Gorgias"

Page 470-71.

"Rhetorician." N.p., n.d. Web. 18Jan. 2015.

She does not dismiss rhetoric entirely, instead she attempts to construct it as a tool for building social harmony.

"Rhetoric." N.p., n.d. Web. 18Jan. 2015.

Page 468.

Language And Rhetoric

Was a debate between Socrates and Gorgias about philosophy and rhetoric. His rhetoric strategy is to place his own argument in Socrates' mouth while summarizing his opponent's argument. His work was heavily criticized because he used Gorgias for his own rhetorical purposes.

Pericles was alive for 66 years.

He was the leader of the Athens when war broke out.

It's said that he was a skilled orator, dedicated patron of the arts, and a passionate defender of the Athenian democracy.

Rhetoric roots stretch back to the fifth century BCE in Athens, Greece.

Page 467.

Page 470

Page 478-79.

Methods of Organization

Is used to convey an idea / information.

Gertrude Buck

"The Present Status of Rhetorical Theory"

Strategies for generating ideas

Methods of Delivery

Is how you present your material.

Like speeches, powerpoints, papers, and so on.

This is when you write down any idea that relates to your topic.

Brainstorming, Pre-writing, T-charts, Venn diagrams, anything to get the ideas flowing.

The main concern is 'social harmony', how we use language to facilitate interaction in a community. She thought that society would either worsen because people would be more selfish or that society would improve greatly because people would be encouraged to get along and work well together even though of differences.

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Aristotle

"Rhetoric"

Here Aristotle starts explaining why rhetoric is so important and useful. He claims that rhetoric revolves around dialect / language. Rhetoric is more publicly used while dialect is more like a private conversation. He also creates three categories of persuasive appeal; Pathos (emotional), Logos (logical), and Ethos (ethical).

Page 489.

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