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Structure of Medieval Castles

Keep

-heart of the castle

-thick walls for maximum protection

-safest and last place in the castle during attack

-largest & tallest structure

-living quarters

Crenels

-gaps in the rampart around the top of the castle

-purpose was to fire arrows through them

Merlons

-raised structures part of the rampart of a castle

-"teeth" of the tower

-main purpose was defense

Courtyard

Neuschwanstein Castle

in Germany

Undercrofts

Bailey

-a vaulted cellar or storage room

-sometimes rented out as shops

-used as storage rooms

Great Hall

-most important room

-all members of househould sat here to eat

-feasts held here

-kings/lords did business here

-open area of castle

-contained domestic parts of castle life

-outer bailey lay outside central castle defenses, so it was more vulnerable to attack

Castle Entrance

INTERIOR OF A MEDIEVAL CASTLE

Dovecoats

Neuschwanstein Castle

in Germany

Donjon

Curtain Wall

-a building intended to house doves or pigeons

-possession of a dovecoat was a symbol of status and power

-originally built by Romans

-set of walls that protected the interior of the castle

-connected by towers to add strength

-made from ashlar

-daily activites took place here

-dungeon was here

-rooms for storing food here and a well

-Great Hall and bedchambers here

Background Info.

Ice Houses

-most medeival castles were built during the Middle Ages (476 AD - 1453 AD)

-the Normans built the first castles, motte and bailey style

-took 2-10 years to build

-special insulated house to store ice

-ice or snow here would remain frozen for months

Dungeon

-in deepest, darkest parts of donjon

-prisoners held here with no chance of escape

Bathrooms

Kitchens

-baths not taken often, only a few times a year so transportable tubs used

-garderobes - small rooms for toilets and led to cess pits or moats

Round Towers

-most efficient structure over square towers because:

-there are no corners, which gives archers 360 degree view

Windsor Castle

Windsor, England

-the kitchen was connected to dining hall in earlier times

-frying pans, pots, and waffle irons existed

-mortar and sieve cloth was a common utensil

-kitchen staff was hundreds of people

Bedchambers

Mortar and Sieve

Pantries and Larders

-used by lord and lady - privacy

-they slept half sitting up in bed

-personal attendants had to sleep on floor wrapped in a blanket

-both stored food

-larders were cool areas, arranged to be built in a spot in the castle with the least sun

Moat

-pit around the castle

-often filled with water

-provides another line of defense

Solars

Pantry

Larder

-used for sleeping and private quarters for Lord's family

-included wardrobes

-more privacy because it was away from the noise and smell of the Great Hall

Solar

Buttery

-yeomen served beer to members of the household not entitled to drink wine

-named from the beer butts stored there

-had a staircase leading to beer cellar below

Hoarding

-covered wooden gallery

-fixed to the top of a tower

-used to further help defend the castle

View from the Hoarding

Gatehouse

Chapels

-main entrance to castle, so it was heavily guarded

-protected by portcullis

-intended for prayer for all members of household

Oratory

-a private chapel

-used by Lord and his family for private prayer

Chapel at Windsor Castle

Arrow Slits

Cabinet

Boudoirs

-set inside walls and towers allowing defenders to launch arrows at attackers to outside

-a room for a single individual to have privacy

-a study for a man

-used for small private meetings

-the lady's private room

-used for bathing and dressing

-female equivalent of a cabinet

Summary

Tiffany Leshinsky, Nadine Metwally,

Juan Uribe

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