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Ideological Criticism
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Ideological Criticism
Analysis that argues that media are used to generate false consciousness in the masses.
In capitalist societies, the bourgeois ruling class spreads their ideology through mass communication to the proletariat, thus perpetuating the dominant social structure.
Identity Politics
Hegemony
A tendency for people of a particular religion, race, social background, etc., to form exclusive political alliances, moving away from traditional broad-based party politics.
Similar to Manheim's Utopians.
Leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.
- Ideological domination is invisible because it is all-pervasive.
- Media is used to manipulate the masses into accepting the status quo.
Ideology
Feminist Criticism
A system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
A logically coherent, integrated explanation of social, economic, and political matters that helps establish the goals and direct the actions of some group or political entity.
Ideology describes the dominant ideas and representations in a given social order. Ruling ideas reproduce dominant social interests. (Marx & Engels)
Focuses on the roles given to women and the way they are portrayed in texts of all kinds. Feminist critics argue that women are typically used as sexual objects and are portrayed stereotypically in texts, resulting in negative effects on both men and women.
Marxist Criticism
The system of thought developed by Carl Marx that deals with the relationship between the economic system in a society (the base) and the cultural institutions that develop out of this economic system (the superstructure) and how this shapes the collective consciousness of people brought up in that society.
Marxist media critics focus on the role of the media in capitalist societies and the way the media help prevent class conflict and defuse alienation by generating consumerist cultures.
It is the job of Marxist critics to point out the ideological content "latent" or hidden in mass-mediated texts, artifacts, or forms of collective behavior.
- Berger